跟进：飞美「21天声明」11月3日生效在即：普通旅客只需签字，这三类人要改行程

美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）10月22日发布的入境声明命令，将于11月3日美东时间23时59分正式生效：自该时刻起、从任何国家起飞赴美的国际航班，所有旅客登机前必须签署声明，确认起飞前21天内没有到过刚果（金）。GSM已在命令发布当天报道此事：疾控中心新规：11月3日起所有飞美国际航班乘客须声明21天内未到过刚果（金），近日这条消息在社交平台与微信群流传，本篇就旅客具体要做什么逐项说清。

声明不分国籍：美国公民、美国国民、绿卡持有者，以及经美国转机前往第三国的旅客都要签；仅飞越美国领空、不在美国落地的航班除外。每位旅客一份声明，未满18岁者可由父母或其他授权人代签。航空公司须在行程中最后一个境外出发机场的值机或登机环节收取并核对声明，可用纸质表格，也可用电子勾选或电子签名；没有完成声明的旅客一律不得登机。航空公司须将声明保存至少42天，以备美国有关部门查验。

对绝大多数旅客来说，新规只是多一道签字手续：只要起飞前21天内没有到过刚果（金）——包括从中国及世界各地直飞美国的旅客——不需要隔离、不需要检测、不需要提前做任何准备，行程不受影响。流传说法中「绿卡公民也不例外、转机也要签」属实，但声明针对的是刚果（金）旅行史，并非对所有入境者新增检疫或隔离措施。

第一类要改行程的人：21天内到过刚果（金）的旅客。起飞前21天内在刚果（金）停留过的任何人，包括在刚果（金）机场经停转机、哪怕全程没有下飞机，也一律不得登上赴美航班，美国公民同样不例外；须在美国境外等到离开刚果（金）满21天、第22天起才能乘机赴美。到过刚果（金）疫情省份的旅客，还可能受到当地离境规定的额外约束。

第二、三类人涉及南苏丹与乌干达：起飞前21天内到过这两国的非美国公民——包括绿卡持有者——21天内不得入境美国，须在境外等满21天；到过这两国的美国公民与国民可以入境，但航班会被改经 Washington-Dulles International Airport（IAD）、Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport（ATL）或 John F. Kennedy International Airport（JFK）三个指定机场，接受疾控中心入境公共卫生筛查，包括填写旅行史与症状问卷、测体温、症状观察，并被登记接收为期21天的健康监测短信提醒。

CDC同时明示：故意提供虚假或误导性信息可面临刑事罚款与监禁，未执行核对义务的航空公司同样可被处罚。此令针对刚果（金）本轮 Bundibugyo 型埃博拉疫情：据 CDC 10月21日汇总，本轮疫情累计确诊9,735例、死亡4,690例，绝大多数病例在刚果（金）境内，美国迄今没有与本轮疫情相关的病例。21天的期限对应埃博拉病毒的最长潜伏期。

近期有赴美行程的旅客，订票后留意航空公司的值机通知、按提示完成声明即可；行程涉及刚果（金）、乌干达或南苏丹的，应尽早联系航空公司改签或调整行程。

Follow-Up: U.S.-Bound '21-Day Attestation' Takes Effect November 3: Most Travelers Just Sign, Three Groups Must Change Plans

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) order issued on October 22 takes effect at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on November 3: from that moment, every passenger boarding an international flight to the United States, from any country of departure, must sign an attestation confirming they have not been in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during the 21 days before departure. GSM reported the order the day it was issued — CDC: From November 3, All U.S.-Bound Air Passengers Must Attest They Have Not Been in DR Congo in the Prior 21 Days — and as the news circulates on social media, this follow-up sets out exactly what travelers need to do.

The attestation applies regardless of nationality: U.S. citizens, U.S. nationals, lawful permanent residents (green card holders) and passengers merely connecting through the United States are all covered; only flights that overfly the U.S. without landing are excluded. Each traveler files a separate attestation, and a parent or authorized person may sign for a traveler under 18. Airlines must collect and verify the declaration at check-in or boarding at the last foreign departure airport, on paper or by electronic checkbox or signature; passengers who do not complete it will not be allowed to board. Carriers must retain the forms for at least 42 days.

For the overwhelming majority of travelers — including anyone flying from China or elsewhere who has not been in the DRC during the prior 21 days — the rule is one extra signature: no quarantine, no testing and no advance preparation, and itineraries are unaffected. The viral version of the story is right that citizens, green card holders and transit passengers are all included, but the declaration concerns DRC travel history only; it is not a new quarantine regime for all arrivals.

The first group that must change plans is anyone who has been in the DRC within 21 days of departure. That includes passengers who only transited a DRC airport, even if they never left the aircraft: they may not board a U.S.-bound flight at all, U.S. citizens included, and must remain outside the United States until 21 days have passed since leaving the DRC, flying on Day 22 at the earliest. Travelers who visited outbreak-affected provinces of the DRC may face additional exit requirements from local authorities.

The second and third groups involve South Sudan and Uganda. Non-U.S. citizens and non-U.S. nationals — including green card holders — who have been in either country within 21 days of departure will not be allowed to enter the United States and should remain abroad for at least 21 days after leaving. U.S. citizens and nationals who have been in South Sudan or Uganda may enter, but their flights are rerouted through one of three designated airports — Washington-Dulles International Airport (IAD), Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) or John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) — for CDC public-health entry screening, including a travel-history and symptom questionnaire, a temperature check and observation, followed by enrollment in 21 days of automated health-monitoring text reminders.

The CDC also warns that willfully providing false or misleading information can lead to criminal fines and imprisonment, and airlines that fail to verify attestations face penalties of their own. The order responds to the current Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak in the DRC: the CDC's October 21 summary counts 9,735 confirmed cases and 4,690 confirmed deaths, the vast majority inside the DRC, and no cases linked to this outbreak have been reported in the United States. The 21-day window matches Ebola's maximum incubation period.

Travelers with upcoming U.S. trips should simply watch for their airline's check-in instructions and complete the attestation when prompted; anyone whose itinerary touches the DRC, Uganda or South Sudan should contact their airline now to rebook or adjust their plans.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：洛杉矶国际机场 Tom Bradley 国际航站楼值机大厅（资料图），赴美国际航班旅客将在值机环节完成声明。照片：Kgbo，经 Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 4.0。 / Photo: Check-in hall of the Tom Bradley International Terminal at Los Angeles International Airport (file photo), where U.S.-bound passengers complete check-in formalities. Photo by Kgbo, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.

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