跟进：马斯克承认SpaceX曾对乌克兰星链限速：称乌军违反服务条款用星链发动进攻性无人机打击，泽连斯基称乌方认为美国政府是幕后推手

据美联社与美国国家公共广播电台（NPR）报道，SpaceX 负责人马斯克10月24日周六承认，是他的公司对乌克兰的星链（Starlink）卫星互联网服务实施了限速——这场持续一周多、扰乱乌军前线行动的限速究竟由谁下令，此前一直无人认领。乌克兰总统泽连斯基同日表示，乌方对星链及其军用版本星盾（Starshield）的接入已恢复到限速之前的速度。

马斯克周六在社交平台 X 上写道：「把星链这样一项民用商业服务用于进攻性无人机打击、用来杀人，从来都不被允许，也不应该被允许。乌克兰军方违反了星链的服务条款，用它发动进攻性无人机打击来杀人。那个漏洞上周已经被堵上了。」NPR 周日跟进指出，马斯克没有说明这个漏洞是由谁堵上的；他同时强调，星盾是另一套系统、由美国政府控制，「他们决定怎么做是他们的事」。他10月14日也曾发帖称，星盾归美国政府所有并受其控制，「速度或使用上的任何限制都由美国军方、最终由总统决定」。

泽连斯基周日在 NBC《会见媒体》节目中给出了乌方的版本：乌克兰官员认为，美国政府才是星链与星盾受扰的幕后推手，SpaceX 是在回应「美国政府发出的信号」后才实施限制的。他在宣布服务恢复的帖文中感谢了「所有美国人」，包括国会议员、国务院和特朗普总统，并表示恢复从夜间开始、到周六上午速度已经足够，改善了前线后勤以及对俄罗斯喷气动力「沙赫德」无人机的防御。

乌克兰国防部周六表示，其监测系统正式记录到星链与星盾的运行速度恢复，投射物与拦截器以每小时250英里（约400公里）以上速度运行时连接保持稳定；此前的限速把速度压在约每小时100英里（约160公里），削弱了乌军拦截无人机的能力并扰乱了多项任务。国防部长 Yevhenii Khmara 把恢复归功于泽连斯基与华盛顿的「直接对话」，称这一结果「最重要的是为了我们的前线、为了军人、为了无人机行动、后勤和通信」。

美方口径则彼此矛盾。特朗普周五被问及谁下令限速时拒绝作答：「就算我知道，我也不会告诉你。」他同时为马斯克辩护，称「埃隆永远不会做错事，我很了解他，他是个公正的人」。参议员 Adam Schiff 周日在《会见媒体》节目中表示，国防部长 Pete Hegseth 应到参议院作证、把星链限速的事实讲清楚：「总统说一套，埃隆·马斯克说另一套，而且两人不同时候说法还不一样。这里面有人在撒谎，也许他们都在以不同的方式撒谎，但我们必须查清楚。」马斯克则表示星链「对乌克兰的防御仍然至关重要」，若被关闭乌军前线将「立即崩溃」；当一名用户写道「泽连斯基必须下台」时，他回复「是的」。

此次限速最早于10月14日被报道，本站10月24日已报道乌方宣布速度恢复，当时马斯克与美国政府均未承认对限速负责；马斯克此次公开承认 SpaceX 对民用星链实施了限速，是这条新闻线的最新进展。服务恢复的同一周，美国推动新一轮结束战争的外交努力：俄罗斯周三同意下月与华盛顿和基辅恢复三方谈判，基辅与莫斯科周五还同意在第一夫人 Melania Trump 斡旋下，在赫尔松州被俄占领的 Oleshky 镇周边实施局部停火。

关联：跟进：乌克兰国防部长称星链与星盾速度恢复至每小时400公里以上：限速一周多后连接稳定

Follow-Up: Musk Admits SpaceX Throttled Starlink in Ukraine, Citing Terms Violations; Zelenskyy Says Kyiv Believed the U.S. Government Was Behind the Restrictions

Elon Musk, the head of SpaceX, acknowledged on Saturday, October 24, that his company had throttled the Starlink satellite internet service in Ukraine, according to the Associated Press and NPR — ending, at least in part, a week of questions over who ordered restrictions that disrupted Ukrainian front-line operations for more than a week. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said the same day that Ukraine's access to Starlink and its military version, Starshield, had been restored to the speeds it had before the restrictions.

"Using Starlink, a civilian commercial service, for offensive drone strikes to kill people has never been allowed, nor should it be," Musk wrote on X on Saturday. "Ukraine military violated Starlink terms of service and used it for offensive drone strikes to kill people. That loophole was closed last week." NPR noted on Sunday that Musk did not say who closed the loophole. He stressed that Starshield is a different system controlled by the U.S. government — "What they decide to do is up to them" — and had posted on October 14 that any limits on Starshield's speed or usage "are decided by the US military and ultimately POTUS."

Zelenskyy offered Kyiv's version on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday: Ukrainian officials believed the U.S. government was behind the disruptions to Starlink and Starshield, and that SpaceX imposed the restrictions in response to a "message from [the] American government." In his post announcing the restoration, Zelenskyy thanked "all Americans," including members of Congress, the State Department and President Donald Trump, and said the restoration began overnight and by Saturday morning speeds were sufficient, improving front-line logistics and defense against Russian jet-powered Shahed drones.

Ukraine's Defense Ministry said Saturday its monitoring systems were officially recording restored Starlink and Starshield speeds, with connectivity stable for projectiles and interceptors traveling at more than 250 mph; the restrictions had capped speeds at about 100 mph, hindering drone interception and disrupting missions. Defense Minister Yevhenii Khmara credited "direct dialogue" by Zelenskyy with Washington, saying the outcome mattered most "for our front, for the military, the work of drones, logistics and communications."

The accounts from Washington conflict with one another. Asked on Friday who ordered the restrictions, Trump declined to answer: "I wouldn't tell you if I did know." He also defended Musk, saying, "Elon will never do anything wrong. I know him very well. He's a fair person." Senator Adam Schiff told Meet the Press on Sunday that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth should testify before the Senate to clarify the facts: "You've got the president saying one thing, you've got Elon Musk saying another thing, you have them both saying different things at different times. Somebody is lying here. Maybe they're all lying in different ways, but we need to find out." Musk said Starlink "remains critical to the defense of Ukraine" and that the front line would "collapse immediately" if it were turned off; when a user wrote "Zelensky needs to go," he replied, "yes."

The restrictions were first reported on October 14. GSM reported on October 24 that Ukraine had announced speeds were restored, at a time when neither Musk nor the U.S. government had admitted responsibility for the throttling; Musk's public admission that SpaceX throttled the civilian Starlink service is the latest development in this story. The restoration came in the same week as a renewed U.S.-led push to end the war: Russia agreed on Wednesday to resume three-way negotiations with Washington and Kyiv next month, and Kyiv and Moscow agreed on Friday to a localized ceasefire around the Russian-occupied town of Oleshky in Kherson region, brokered by First Lady Melania Trump.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：猎鹰9号火箭搭载星链10-40任务自卡纳维拉尔角40号航天发射复合体升空（资料图）。图：美国太空军，公共领域，经维基共享资源。 / A Falcon 9 rocket carrying the Starlink 10-40 mission launches from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (file photo). Photo: U.S. Space Force, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

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