加密货币投资诈骗2024年损失58亿美元：FBI通知的受害人中76%当时不知自己受骗

联邦调查局（FBI）互联网犯罪投诉中心（IC3）《2024年度报告》显示，2024年涉及加密货币的投诉达149,686件，报告损失93亿美元，较2023年增长66%；其中加密货币投资诈骗41,557件，损失58亿美元。FBI称这类骗局「又称杀猪盘」。FBI与特勤局在「Level Up行动」中主动通知了4,323名受害人，其中76%的人当时并不知道自己受骗。

骗局如何运作

FBI的定义：加密货币投资诈骗是一种基于信任的骗局——作案者在网上与受害人建立关系，随后引入虚假的加密货币投资机会，诱导受害人向看似暴利的平台不断加码，最终无法提现。商品期货交易委员会（CFTC）的说明页补充了具体手法：骗子通过打错号码的短信、交友App或社交平台结识受害人，「新朋友」貌美富有、自称靠交易数字资产或外汇致富；数周交往后怂恿投资，存款须用比特币或稳定币转入从未听过的交易平台；先让受害人尝到甜头、不断加码；提现时则出现「技术问题」，或须先缴未披露的税、费，否则请求被直接无视。

加州检察长的两种标准剧本

加州检察长办公室的消费者警示拆解了社交平台投资诈骗的两种剧本。其一「拉高出货」：冒用名人照片的广告许诺「内幕」资格或「保证」高回报，把用户诱至WhatsApp、Telegram等加密平台，拉入群聊以「专家建议」和虚假好评诱使买入低价股或波动性加密货币，骗子高位抛售后价格崩盘。其二「信任骗局」：以投资平台广告收集联系方式，与受害人每日联系建立信任，「教」其在仿冒真实平台的假站或假App上小额投资并显示盈利、甚至允许小额提现；要求大额提现时须先交佣金或税费，付了再找其他借口，停止付款后骗子连同投资款消失。

Level Up行动与资金去向

IC3报告显示，「Level Up行动」自2024年1月启动，估算为受害人避免损失285,639,989美元，另有42名受害人被转介进行自杀干预。报告同时显示，诈骗电汇的头号境外目的地是香港。加密货币ATM、自助机诈骗同年也有10,956件投诉，损失2.467亿美元。加州检察长提醒：加密货币等欺诈交易可能不可逆；事后找上门的收费「资产追回专家」中，一些本身就是骗子，属二次诈骗。

官方识别要点

据CFTC与加州检察长办公室：不要给只在网上认识的人汇款或与其交易；对新朋友的照片做反向图片搜索；交易前核查对方或机构是否在联邦或州监管机构注册，多数骗局涉及未注册主体；警示信号包括保证回报、「无风险」承诺、催促立即投资的高压话术、名人代言影像、要求用加密ATM或向私人钱包发送加密货币、要求替他人收款并转成加密货币、要求从Facebook转到WhatsApp或Telegram继续谈。用FINRA BrokerCheck可核查从业者注册；银行或现有顾问发出警告时，先停下来核查。

报案通道

网络犯罪投诉：ic3.gov。加州居民举报：加州检察长办公室 oag.ca.gov/report。消费者诈骗举报：ReportFraud.ftc.gov。

来源：GSM·美国

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关联：美国2024年诈骗报告损失125亿美元：FTC与FBI数据揭示华人社区为何成为重点目标（本系列总论）

Crypto Investment Fraud Cost $5.8 Billion in 2024: 76 Percent of Victims Notified by the FBI Did Not Know They Were Being Scammed

Complaints involving cryptocurrency reached 149,686 in 2024 with reported losses of $9.3 billion, up 66 percent from 2023, according to the FBI IC3 2024 Internet Crime Report. Of those, cryptocurrency investment fraud accounted for 41,557 complaints and $5.8 billion in losses. The FBI calls this scheme "pig butchering." Under Operation Level Up, the FBI and the US Secret Service proactively identified and notified 4,323 victims of crypto investment fraud — and 76 percent of them did not know at the time that they were being scammed.

How the scheme works

The FBI defines cryptocurrency investment fraud as a confidence-based scheme: criminals build a relationship with a victim online, then introduce a fake cryptocurrency investment opportunity and persuade the victim to keep adding money to a platform that appears highly profitable, until withdrawals become impossible. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) adds the mechanics: scammers meet victims through wrong-number texts, dating apps or social platforms; the "new friend" is attractive and wealthy and claims to have made a fortune trading digital assets or foreign exchange. After weeks of contact, the victim is urged to invest, depositing Bitcoin or stablecoins into an unfamiliar trading platform. Early "profits" encourage larger deposits. At withdrawal time, "technical problems" appear, or undisclosed taxes and fees must be paid first — or the request is simply ignored.

California Attorney General's two standard scripts

A California Attorney General consumer alert breaks social-media investment fraud into two scripts. In "pump and dump," ads using unauthorized celebrity photos promise "insider" access or "guaranteed" returns, move users to encrypted platforms such as WhatsApp or Telegram, and use group chats with "expert advice" and fake testimonials to push low-priced stocks or volatile cryptocurrencies; the scammers sell at the top and the price collapses. In the "confidence scam," ads for an investment platform harvest contact details; the scammer builds trust through daily contact and "teaches" the victim to invest small amounts on a fake site or app that mimics a real platform, showing profits and even allowing small withdrawals — until a large withdrawal requires commissions or taxes first, followed by more excuses, and when payments stop, the scammer disappears with the money.

Operation Level Up and where the money goes

IC3 reports that Operation Level Up, launched in January 2024, is estimated to have saved victims $285,639,989, and that 42 victims were referred for suicide intervention. The report also shows Hong Kong as the top foreign destination for fraudulent wire transfers. Cryptocurrency ATM and kiosk fraud drew another 10,956 complaints and $246.7 million in losses in 2024. The California Attorney General warns that fraudulent crypto transactions may be irreversible, and that some fee-charging "asset recovery experts" who approach victims afterward are themselves scammers running a second fraud.

Official red flags

Per the CFTC and the California Attorney General: do not send money to, or trade with, someone you have only met online; run a reverse image search on a new friend's photos; before trading, check whether the person or firm is registered with federal or state regulators — most of these schemes involve unregistered entities. Warning signs include guaranteed returns or "risk-free" promises, high-pressure tactics to invest immediately, celebrity endorsements, requests to use a crypto ATM or send cryptocurrency to a private wallet, requests to receive money for others and convert it to crypto, and requests to move conversations from Facebook to WhatsApp or Telegram. FINRA's BrokerCheck can verify a broker's registration; when your bank or existing adviser warns you, stop and verify first.

Where to report

Internet crime complaints: ic3.gov. California residents: the Attorney General at oag.ca.gov/report. Consumer fraud reports: ReportFraud.ftc.gov.

Source: GSM·USA

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Related: US Fraud Losses Reported in 2024 Hit $12.5 Billion: FTC and FBI Data Show Why Chinese Communities Are Being Targeted (series overview)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：捷克布拉格的一台比特币 ATM 机（Perituss 摄，CC0）— via Wikimedia Commons / A Bitcoin ATM in Prague, Czech Republic (Perituss, CC0) — via Wikimedia Commons

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