政府问责局审计：ICE执法记录仪靠手动开启存漏录风险，国土安全部拒绝自动开启建议
美国政府问责局（GAO）10月14日公布的审计报告指出，海关与边境保护局（CBP）与移民执法局（ICE）的执法记录仪计划管理存在明显短板：ICE 人员靠手动开启记录仪，缺乏确保按规定开启的管控措施，关键执法过程可能漏录；两局的计划文件多年未更新，也没有衡量计划成效的指标。
报告数据显示，截至2026年6月，CBP 约有11,500台记录仪投入使用，绝大多数配发边境巡逻队；ICE 截至2026年4月约有4,800台，由遣返执法部门与国土安全调查部门大致平分。审计人员走访的10处办公地点中，有6处的人员表示不清楚何时必须开启、何时不应开启记录仪；ICE 有一处地点的人员在已领取设备并完成培训后，因不清楚录制要求而一直没有开始使用。
GAO 共提出七项建议，包括更新两局计划、制定成效指标、为外勤办公室订明录制规则，并建议 ICE 增设自动开启等额外管控，例如在人员拔出枪支或电击枪时自动启动录制。国土安全部（DHS）同意其中六项，但拒绝了自动开启建议，表示 ICE 已认定自动开启技术的隐私、证据与操作风险大于其潜在收益，包括可能误录与线人、受害人的敏感谈话，或录下旁观者受宪法第一修正案保护的活动。
GAO 维持其建议，指出额外管控能更大程度确保 ICE 人员按规定录下执法过程，在突发的使用武力事件中尤其重要；缺乏此类管控，ICE 难以保证记录仪计划能实现提升透明度、问责与公众信任的目标。
众议院国土安全委员会民主党首席议员 Bennie Thompson 在报告公布后表示，该记录仪计划存在缺陷、需要全面整顿，并称他将提出立法堵上这一缺口；该委员会边境安全与执法小组委员会民主党首席议员 Lou Correa 表示，自今年1月以来，联邦移民执法人员已向至少25人开枪，其中6人死亡，包括3名美国公民，公众有权要求透明与问责。
本次审计的审查期为2025年2月至2026年9月；报告指出，CBP 的记录仪计划文件自2022年、ICE 的自2024年以来均未修订，未能反映配发规模扩大与2025年暂停进一步配发等变化。
GAO Audit: ICE Body Cameras Rely on Manual Activation With No Compliance Controls; DHS Rejects Auto-Activation
A U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) audit released on October 14 found significant weaknesses in how U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) manage their body-worn camera programs: ICE personnel must activate their cameras manually and the agency has no controls to ensure they do so when policy requires, creating a risk that critical enforcement encounters go unrecorded. Neither agency has updated its program plan in years, and neither has measures to judge whether the programs are working.
As of June 2026, CBP had about 11,500 cameras in use, nearly all of them with the Border Patrol; as of April 2026, ICE had about 4,800, split almost evenly between Enforcement and Removal Operations and Homeland Security Investigations, according to the report. At six of the 10 locations auditors visited, personnel said they were unsure when they were required to turn cameras on or leave them off; at one ICE location, staff had received cameras and completed training but had not begun using them because they did not understand when recording was required.
GAO made seven recommendations, including updated plans, performance measures and field-level recording rules, and urged ICE to add controls such as automated activation, for example technology that starts recording when an officer draws a firearm or Taser. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) agreed with six of the recommendations but rejected automated activation for ICE, saying the agency had determined that the privacy, evidentiary and operational risks of the technology outweigh its potential benefits, including the risk of recording sensitive conversations with informants or victims or bystanders engaged in First Amendment-protected activities.
GAO stood by its recommendation, saying additional controls would provide greater assurance that ICE personnel capture footage as policy requires, particularly in unexpected incidents involving the use of force, and that without such controls ICE cannot be sure the program delivers transparency, accountability and public trust.
Rep. Bennie Thompson, the ranking Democrat on the House Homeland Security Committee, said after the report's release that the DHS body-camera program is deficient and needs to be revamped, and that he would introduce legislation to close the gap. Rep. Lou Correa, the ranking Democrat on the Border Security and Enforcement subcommittee, said federal immigration agents have shot at least 25 people since January, six of whom died, including three U.S. citizens, and that the public deserves transparency and accountability.
The audit covered February 2025 through September 2026. GAO said CBP has not revised its camera program plan since 2022 and ICE has not revised its plan since 2024, leaving both out of date with expanded deployment targets and a 2025 pause in further rollouts.
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图片来源：图：美国边境巡逻队人员胸前佩戴的执法记录仪特写。美国海关与边境保护局官方照片（公共领域）。Photo: Body-worn camera worn by a U.S. Border Patrol agent, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (public domain).
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