北达科他州议员起草数据中心新规：电价成本不得转嫁居民 强制闭环冷却
北达科他州数据中心监管立法开始成形。据 North Dakota Monitor 10月21日报道，来自煤炭产区的共和党州众议员 Anna Novak 10月20日在州议会超级智能与数据中心临时委员会会议上，向同僚介绍了其法案框架，聚焦居民最关切的三大问题：电费、用水与设施退役。该委员会由众议员 Jared Warrey 担任主席。
法案拟将「自带电力」原则写入州法，明文禁止把数据中心产生的成本转嫁给普通电费缴纳者，并要求公用事业公司在申请涨价时向用户清楚说明涨价原因；同时拟收窄数据中心的销售税豁免范围。Novak 说：「我们需要以法律明确，因大型负荷或数据中心导致的成本转移不能发生在居民用户身上。」
用水方面，法案拟要求所有数据中心采用耗水更少的闭环冷却系统；她指出该州刚经历干旱，节水是民众的合理关切。退役方面，法案拟要求开发商提交设施停用后的再利用计划，并附带保证金要求，但不强制拆除建筑、完全复垦场地。有议员对草案部分内容持保留态度。Novak 表示法案仍在起草中，最终文本未定，目标是在2027年1月开幕的州议会会期提出。
North Dakota Lawmakers Draft Data Center Rules on Power Costs, Closed-Loop Cooling and Retirement Plans
Data center regulation is taking shape in North Dakota. Republican Representative Anna Novak of the state's coal country presented her bill framework on October 20 to the Legislature's interim Super Intelligence and Data Centers Committee, chaired by Representative Jared Warrey, focusing on the three issues residents raise most: electricity bills, water use and facility retirement, North Dakota Monitor reported on October 21.
The draft would write a "bring your own power" principle into state law, explicitly barring data center costs from being shifted to ordinary ratepayers and requiring utilities to clearly explain the reasons when seeking rate increases; it would also narrow sales tax exemptions for data centers. "We need to make it clear in law that cost shifts caused by large loads or data centers cannot fall on residential customers," Novak said.
On water, the bill would require all data centers to use closed-loop cooling systems that consume less water; Novak noted the state has just come through a drought. On retirement, developers would have to file reuse plans for decommissioned facilities backed by financial assurance, though demolition and full site reclamation would not be mandated. Some lawmakers voiced reservations about parts of the draft. Novak said the text is still being drafted, with introduction targeted for the legislative session opening in January 2027.
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图片来源：图：北达科他州议会大厦（Bismarck）。摄影：Bobak Ha'Eri，CC BY 3.0（Wikimedia Commons）。Photo: the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck. Photo by Bobak Ha'Eri, CC BY 3.0 (Wikimedia Commons).
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