法院裁定俄克拉荷马州可在部落保留地执行环境监管：州长 Stitt 称是全体400万州民的胜利
俄克拉荷马州 Oklahoma City——一家联邦法院10月20日裁定，俄克拉荷马州可以在部落保留地范围内执行联邦环保计划下的环境监管，维持了美国环境保护署（EPA）批准该州行使这一权限的决定。州长 Kevin Stitt 当日在州长办公室发布的声明中称：「今天的裁定是全体400万俄克拉荷马州民、俄克拉荷马州与法治的明确胜利。」
这一权限争议延续多年：EPA 最初批准俄克拉荷马州的申请后，包括 Pawnee 族在内的16个部落请求 EPA 重新考虑；经过三年审查与咨询，EPA 于2023年再次批准，但要求该州在保留地内或附近采取行动前遵循部落协商规程。特朗普再次当选后，EPA 于2025年改变决定，批准该州申请且不再附带协商要求，部落方面随后提起诉讼，本次裁定即针对这一批准。
Stitt 在声明中说：「自 McGirt 案以来，我一直警告，把那个狭窄的刑事裁定扩张到法律的每个领域会撕裂本州。McGirt 案并没有抹去俄克拉荷马州的民事、税务或环境权限。我们是一个法治州，将继续对所有人公平执行同一套规则。」按 EPA 的说明，该批准不涵盖符合条件的印第安分户土地、联邦为部落或个人托管的土地等特定地块；受影响的保留地范围包括 Tulsa 市及俄克拉荷马州东部大部分地区。
Court Rules Oklahoma Can Enforce Environmental Regulation on Reservation Land; Governor Stitt Calls It a Victory for All Four Million Oklahomans
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma — A federal court ruled on October 20 that Oklahoma can enforce environmental regulation under federal environmental programs across reservation land, upholding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) approval of the state's authority. "Today's ruling is a clear victory for all four million Oklahomans, the state of Oklahoma, and the rule of law," Governor Kevin Stitt said in a news release from his office that day.
The authority has been contested for years. After EPA first granted Oklahoma's request, 16 tribes, including the Pawnee Nation, asked the agency to reconsider. A three-year review and consultation period ended with EPA granting the request again in 2023, but requiring the state to follow "tribal engagement protocols" for actions on or near reservation land. After President Donald Trump's reelection, EPA changed course in 2025 and granted Oklahoma's request without the engagement requirement; that decision led to the lawsuit decided this week.
"Since McGirt, I've warned that efforts to stretch that narrow criminal ruling into every area of law would tear our state apart," Stitt said. "McGirt does not erase Oklahoma's civil, tax, or environmental authority. We are a law-and-order state, and we will continue to enforce one set of rules fairly for everyone." Under EPA's framework, qualifying Indian allotments, land held in federal trust for tribes or individuals, and certain treaty-derived tribal fee lands are excluded from the approval, while the broader reservation areas affected include the city of Tulsa and most of eastern Oklahoma.
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图片来源：俄克拉荷马州议会大厦。图：w_lemay，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 2.0。 / The Oklahoma State Capitol. Photo by w_lemay, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0.
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