财长 Bessent 谈房利美与房地美所有权改革：或待2027或2028年处理，首要考量是不推高房贷成本
美国财政部长 Scott Bessent 10月20日在接受媒体平台 2WAY 采访时表示，特朗普政府可能要到2027年或2028年才会处理房利美（Fannie Mae）与房地美（Freddie Mac）的所有权结构问题，并强调保护购房者不承受更高的融资成本是核心考量。Bessent 质疑改变所有权能给房主带来什么好处，并表示政府将设法防止机构抵押贷款支持证券与国债之间的利差扩大。
这番表态没有为两家机构的首次公开募股、政府股份出售或退出托管设定明确时间表，而是表明所有权改革仍在考虑之中，其推进取决于对房贷市场的影响。房利美与房地美自2008年起处于联邦住房金融局（FHFA）的托管之下，两家机构从贷款机构购买抵押贷款、为抵押贷款支持证券提供担保，支撑着美国30年期固定利率房贷市场的流动性；若外界对政府背书强度的看法发生变化，可能影响投资者需求与房贷定价。
据《巴伦周刊》（Barron's）报道，Bessent 发表上述言论后，房利美与房地美股价周二上涨超过13%。市场反应反映的是投资者预期，而非已经完成的政策行动。
Treasury Secretary Bessent on Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Ownership: Review Could Wait Until 2027 or 2028, With Mortgage Costs the Priority
U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said on October 20, in an interview with the media platform 2WAY, that the Trump administration could wait until 2027 or 2028 to address the ownership structure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, emphasizing that protecting mortgage borrowers from higher financing costs remains a central consideration. Bessent questioned what benefit a change in ownership would bring homeowners and said the administration would seek to prevent the spread between agency mortgage rates and Treasury yields from widening.
The comments set no firm timetable for an initial public offering, a sale of government shares, or an exit from conservatorship; they signal instead that ownership changes remain under consideration, subject to their implications for the mortgage market. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have operated under Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) conservatorship since 2008. The two enterprises purchase mortgages from lenders, guarantee mortgage-backed securities, and support liquidity for the 30-year fixed-rate mortgage market, so a restructuring that changes the perceived strength of the government backstop could affect investor demand and mortgage pricing.
Shares of the two enterprises climbed more than 13 percent on Tuesday following Bessent's remarks, according to Barron's. The market reaction reflects investor expectations, not a completed policy action.
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图片来源：房利美（Fannie Mae）总部大楼（资料图）。照片：User:AgnosticPreachersKid 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经维基共享资源。 / The Fannie Mae headquarters building (file photo). Photo by User:AgnosticPreachersKid, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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