国务院对华旅行警示新增错误拘留标识：等级维持二级，称美国公民面临严重错误拘留风险
美国国务院（Department of State）10月19日重发针对中国内地的旅行警示。警示页首行明示：警示等级没有变化，新增的是「错误拘留」风险标识，警示摘要同步更新。中国内地维持第二级「提高警惕」（Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution），风险标识为「D：错误拘留」与「O：其他」。
警示列出的理由为：当地法律的任意执行、缺乏公平透明法律程序的出境限制，以及错误拘留风险。警示写道，国务院已认定美国人在中国面临被中国政府严重错误拘留的风险；被错误拘留者可能被关押多年、条件恶劣、缺乏正当程序。警示还称，内容广泛的国家安全、反间谍与数据安全法律赋予中方官员以很大的裁量权，可将范围很广的文件、数据与材料认定为「国家机密」，外国人从事日常商业、研究或公开表达也可能面临风险。
警示明文称，中国「不成比例地针对华裔美国公民或已入籍的华裔美国公民进行间谍调查」，并列出可能被针对的人群：华裔或华人血统的美国公民、涉商业纠纷者、现任或前美国执法、军方与情报机构人员、美国政府资助项目参与者，以及学者、记者等。警示称，出境限制可被用于强迫当事人配合调查、迫使海外亲属回国或作为对外国政府的谈判筹码，当事人往往要到机场离境时才得知自己被限制出境。警示并指出，中国不承认双重国籍，持美国护照入境等事项在原文中均有说明；西藏自治区与藏族自治州一带另有服务受限的提示。
据 The Epoch Times 报道，国务院发言人就此次调整表示：「国务院已认定，美国人在中国面临严重的错误拘留风险。」（The Department of State has determined that Americans are at serious risk of wrongful detention in China.）此次调整只新增风险标识与摘要内容，警示等级与既有的二级评定保持不变。
State Department Adds Wrongful-Detention Indicator to China Travel Advisory: Level 2 Unchanged, Americans Said to Face Serious Risk
The U.S. Department of State reissued its travel advisory for mainland China on October 19. The advisory states at the top that there was no change to the advisory level, that the 'wrongful detention' risk indicator was added, and that the advisory summary was updated. Mainland China remains at Level 2, Exercise Increased Caution, with risk indicators 'D' for wrongful detention and 'O' for other risks.
The advisory cites the arbitrary enforcement of local laws, the use of exit bans without a fair and transparent process under the law, and the risk of wrongful detention. It states that the Department of State has determined that Americans are at serious risk of wrongful detention by the Government of China, and that wrongfully detained Americans may be held in prison for years, in poor conditions, and without due process. It adds that expansive national security, counterespionage and data security laws grant Chinese officials broad discretion to treat a wide range of documents, data and materials as state secrets, placing U.S. citizens at risk for conducting even routine business, research, or expression in the public domain.
The advisory states that China has disproportionately targeted U.S. citizens of Chinese heritage or naturalized U.S. citizens of Chinese descent for espionage investigations. It lists groups that may be targeted, including U.S. citizens of Chinese heritage or origin, anyone involved in business disputes, people with current or prior affiliations with U.S. law enforcement, military or intelligence agencies, participants in U.S. government-funded programs, academics and journalists. According to the advisory, exit bans have been used to force people to participate in government investigations, to pressure family members or associates abroad to return to China, and to gain bargaining leverage over foreign governments, and U.S. citizens often learn of an exit ban only when they attempt to depart. The advisory also notes that China does not recognize dual nationality, addresses entry on a U.S. passport, and flags severely limited services in the Tibet Autonomous Region and Tibetan autonomous prefectures.
According to The Epoch Times, a State Department spokesperson said of the change: 'The Department of State has determined that Americans are at serious risk of wrongful detention in China.' The update adds the risk indicator and revises the summary only; the advisory level remains Level 2.
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图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国国务院总部 Harry S. Truman Building 外景（2024年春）。经 Wikimedia Commons 发布，公共领域。Photo: Exterior of the U.S. Department of State headquarters, the Harry S. Truman Building in Washington, D.C., spring 2024. Via Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
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