能源部数据：战略石油储备降至2.827亿桶 为1982年10月以来最低
华盛顿——据路透社报道，美国能源部（Department of Energy，DOE）10月19日公布的数据显示，美国战略石油储备（Strategic Petroleum Reserve，SPR）的原油库存已降至2.827亿桶，为1982年10月以来的最低水平。本站10月16日报道的能源信息署（EIA）数据中，截至10月9日当周该储备为2.83亿桶，本次数据再创新低。
库存下降源于今年3月的一项国际协同释放安排。美以对伊朗开战后能源市场受扰，美国与国际能源署（IEA）30多个成员国同意合计释放4亿桶应急石油储备，其中美国承诺从战略石油储备释放1.72亿桶；能源部长 Chris Wright 3月宣布，美方将在120天内释放这批原油。本站10月16日曾报道，能源部再发招标、拟以交换方式再放出最高1700万桶，延续的正是这一安排。
战略石油储备1975年在石油禁运危机后设立，是全球最大的应急原油储备，原油存放在 Texas 与 Louisiana 两州墨西哥湾沿岸四处场地的地下盐穴中，设计总容量约7.14亿桶。
储备持续下降也引来国会询问。参议院能源与自然资源委员会首席民主党议员 Martin Heinrich 10月9日致信能源部长 Chris Wright，要求能源部说明连续提取对盐穴结构完整性的影响；信中引述政府问责局（GAO）今年6月的一份报告称，反复部分提取再回填可能令单个盐穴局部受溶蚀、形状发生不利变化。路透社此前报道，若3月安排的释放全数完成，储备库存可能降至约2.43亿桶。
DOE Data: Strategic Petroleum Reserve Falls to 282.7 Million Barrels, Lowest Since October 1982
WASHINGTON — Crude oil stocks in the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) fell to 282.7 million barrels, the lowest level since October 1982, according to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) data released on October 19, Reuters reported. The reserve stood at 283 million barrels in the week ending October 9, according to Energy Information Administration (EIA) data reported by GSM on October 16, and the latest reading marks a further decline to a new low.
The drawdowns are part of an international coordinated release agreed in March. After the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran disrupted energy markets, the United States and more than 30 member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA) agreed to release a combined 400 million barrels of emergency stocks, with the United States committing 172 million barrels from the SPR. Secretary of Energy Chris Wright announced in March that the U.S. share would be released over 120 days. GSM reported on October 16 that the Department of Energy had issued another solicitation to exchange up to 17 million additional barrels under the same arrangement.
Established in 1975 after the oil embargo crisis, the SPR is the world's largest emergency crude oil stockpile. Its oil is stored in underground salt caverns at four sites along the Gulf Coast in Texas and Louisiana, with a total design capacity of about 714 million barrels.
The continuing decline has also drawn congressional scrutiny. Senator Martin Heinrich, the ranking Democrat on the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, wrote to Secretary of Energy Chris Wright on October 9 asking the department for information on the operational safety and structural integrity of the reserve. His letter cited a June 2026 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report finding that repeated partial drawdowns followed by refills can leach a single part of a cavern repeatedly, leading to undesirable shapes. Reuters has previously reported that the reserve could fall to about 243 million barrels once the March release is completed.
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图片来源：图：美国战略石油储备站点的原油输送管道（资料图）。图片来源：美国能源部（DOE），公共领域（维基共享资源）。Photo: Crude oil pipelines at a U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve site (file photo). Credit: U.S. Department of Energy, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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