最高法院拒绝审理 Gwynne Wilcox 上诉 特朗普解职国家劳工关系委员会委员的下级裁定维持
华盛顿——美国最高法院10月19日拒绝审理国家劳工关系委员会（National Labor Relations Board，NLRB）前委员 Gwynne Wilcox 的上诉，不受理她对特朗普总统2025年1月将其解职的合法性挑战。下级法院认定解职属总统行政权力有效行使的裁定由此维持。
Wilcox 是首位进入该委员会的非裔女性委员，2023年由前总统拜登任命进入第二个五年任期。特朗普在第二个总统任期开始约一周后将其解职，Wilcox 随即提起诉讼。联邦地区法官 Beryl Howell 曾于2025年3月裁定，保护劳工关系委员会委员不被无故解职的联邦法律有效，特朗普的主张不成立；华盛顿特区巡回上诉法院其后以2比1推翻该裁定，Wilcox 因此上诉至最高法院。
最高法院此次拒绝受理，紧随其今年6月的一项裁决——该裁决支持特朗普解职联邦贸易委员会委员 Rebecca Slaughter，并推翻了1935年「汉弗莱执行人案」（Humphrey's Executor）判例；该判例此前承认国会有权保护某些监管机构负责人不被总统任意免职。Wilcox 与 Slaughter 均为拜登任命的官员。（GSM 据路透社报道）
Supreme Court Declines to Hear Gwynne Wilcox Appeal, Leaving in Place Ruling Upholding Trump's Removal of NLRB Member
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Supreme Court on October 19 declined to hear an appeal by former National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) member Gwynne Wilcox challenging the legality of her firing by President Donald Trump in January 2025. A lower-court ruling that said the removal was a valid exercise of executive authority remains in place.
Wilcox, the first Black woman to serve on the board, was appointed to a second five-year term in 2023 by former President Joe Biden. Trump moved to fire her about a week into his second presidential term, drawing a lawsuit by Wilcox. U.S. District Judge Beryl Howell in March 2025 upheld the federal law protecting NLRB officials from being fired without cause, rejecting Trump's argument. A panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit reversed that ruling 2-1 in December 2025, prompting Wilcox's appeal to the Supreme Court.
The court's refusal to take the case follows its decision in June backing Trump's firing of Federal Trade Commission member Rebecca Slaughter. That ruling overturned the court's 1935 precedent in Humphrey's Executor, which had recognized the authority of Congress to protect leaders of certain regulatory agencies from presidential removal at will. Both Wilcox and Slaughter were Biden appointees. (GSM, via Reuters)
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：国家劳工关系委员会前委员 Gwynne Wilcox 官方肖像。图片来源：国家劳工关系委员会 NLRB，公共领域（Wikimedia Commons）。Photo: Official portrait of former NLRB member Gwynne Wilcox. Source: National Labor Relations Board, public domain (Wikimedia Commons).
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