农业部农村能源补助新规生效：项目须先建成运行满一年才能申请 农田地面光伏不再合资格
华盛顿消息——农业部（USDA）农村商业合作局发布的「美国农村能源计划」（Rural Energy for America Program，REAP）最终规则已于10月16日生效。这项面向农业生产者与农村小企业的能源补助计划自此改为「先建成、后申请」：项目必须已经全部建成并投入运行，申请时须提交此前12个月的实际发电或节能数据，以及安装前12个月的对照数据，补助将按有据可查的实际产出、节能、成本与系统表现评定。规则文本10月1日刊登于《联邦公报》（文件号2026-20178，7 CFR Part 4280），公众评论期至11月2日。
补助额度同步收紧：单笔申请最低1,500美元，可再生能源系统最高50万美元、能效改造最高25万美元；申请人须自担至少75%的项目成本，即补助最多覆盖四分之一。项目完工时间须在申请日的12至24个月之前，新规首个申请窗口放宽至12至36个月。资格方面，建在农田上的地面光伏与地面风电项目不再合资格，多地点项目同样被排除；2026年10月1日及以后安装的光伏与风电系统若含有被列为「外国对手」国家制造的部件，也不符合资格。州级竞赛取消，改为全国统一评分遴选。
农业部今年3月曾暂停REAP补助发放，以便按行政命令重写规则。农村商业合作局局长 Gimmie Jansonius 在规则文本中表示，农业部认识到申请人对能否获补存在不确定性，并预期这种不确定性会成为申请人购买可再生能源系统或进行能效改造时的决策因素之一。各年度的申请开放与截止日期将由农业部以年度公告另行公布。
New USDA Rural Energy Rule Takes Effect: Projects Must Be Built and Operating for a Year Before Applying, Cropland Ground-Mount Solar No Longer Eligible
WASHINGTON — A final rule from the Rural Business-Cooperative Service of the Department of Agriculture (USDA) overhauling the Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) took effect on October 16. The energy grant program for agricultural producers and rural small businesses now works on a build-first basis: projects must already be fully built and operational before an application is filed, and applicants must submit 12 months of actual energy production or savings data alongside 12 months of pre-installation data, with awards based on documented output, savings, costs and system performance. The rule was published in the Federal Register on October 1 (Document No. 2026-20178, 7 CFR Part 4280), with a public comment period running through November 2.
Grant limits were also tightened: requests start at $1,500, with a maximum of $500,000 for a renewable energy system and $250,000 for an energy efficiency improvement, and applicants must cover at least 75 percent of project costs, so a grant can fund no more than one quarter. Projects must have been completed 12 to 24 months before the application date, widened to 12 to 36 months for the first window under the new rule. Ground-mounted solar and wind projects on cropland are no longer eligible, multi-location projects are excluded, and solar or wind systems installed on or after October 1, 2026 that contain components made in a country listed as a foreign adversary are ineligible. State-level competitions are replaced by a single national scoring and selection process.
USDA had paused REAP grant awards in March 2026 while it rewrote the program rules. Rural Business-Cooperative Service Administrator Gimmie Jansonius states in the rule that the agency recognizes the uncertainty over whether an applicant will receive an award and expects that uncertainty to factor into applicants' decisions about buying renewable energy systems or making efficiency improvements. Application opening and closing dates for each year will be set by annual USDA notices.
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：Minnesota 一处旧农田里的光伏板阵列（资料照片）。Courtney Celley 摄，美国鱼类及野生动物管理局 USFWS 公共领域图片，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布。
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