多家头部SI公司把股权往外分：Anthropic设公益基金、马斯克称送SpaceX股票给每个孩子、OpenAI基金会持股26%
旧金山（San Francisco）消息——近期，多家头部超级智能（SI）与科技公司相继公布把公司股权用于公益或直接分发给公众的安排：超级智能公司 Anthropic 10 月 18 日宣布设立公益基金并注入 5% 股份；OpenAI 的非营利基金会持有该公司 26% 股权，按重组时估值约值 1,300 亿美元，目前已在发放大额拨款；SpaceX 首席执行官马斯克 10 月 19 日则表示，明年将把自己的一股 SpaceX 股票送给美国每一个孩子。
Anthropic 于 10 月 18 日宣布，将把公司 5% 的股份注入新设立的「Anthropic 公益基金」（Anthropic Public Benefit Fund），该安排尚待股东批准。基金以公司全资有限责任公司（LLC）的形式设立，而非传统的 501(c)(3) 非营利组织，以便在不同捐赠方式之间灵活切换；公司价值每较设定基准上涨 50%，董事会可酌情再向基金追加 2% 的股份。Anthropic 明确表示，基金持有的股权不得在美国或海外用于游说或政治捐款；基金的可能用途包括向传统非营利组织大额捐赠、向特定人群直接发放资金。公司已承诺投入 2 亿美元研究超级智能对就业市场的冲击，并表示「鉴于人工智能进步的速度，可能需要更大胆的做法」。
在创始人与员工层面，Anthropic 的联合创始人此前已承诺捐出其 80% 的股权；公司另设有股权捐赠匹配计划，员工认捐股权、公司配捐，约一半员工参与。Anthropic 表示，连同新设基金，约 20% 的公司股份将专用于公共利益；基金的治理结构等细节将在未来数月公布。
OpenAI 方面，控制公司的非营利机构 OpenAI 基金会（OpenAI Foundation）在 2025 年 10 月公司重组后，持有营利实体 OpenAI 集团（OpenAI Group）26% 的股权，按当时估值约值 1,300 亿美元，并有权任命公司董事会；若公司股价在 15 年后越过设定门槛，基金会还可获得更多股份。基金会已承诺投入 250 亿美元，用于健康研究与「AI 韧性」等方向，并计划在 2026 年发放至少 10 亿美元拨款。本月，OpenAI 基金会又与洛克菲勒基金会（Rockefeller Foundation）共同推出总额 5,000 万美元的「Cities Deliver」计划，资助各城市将超级智能用于公共服务，已于 10 月 14 日开放申请。
SpaceX 首席执行官马斯克 10 月 19 日在社交平台 X 发帖表示：「明年，我将把我的一股 SpaceX 股票送给美国每一个孩子。这将是许多行动中的第一个。」前一天，他在评论 Anthropic 的安排时提出，持有大量股权的公司应当把股票直接分给公众，而不是绕道单独设立的公司或慈善架构。马斯克尚未公布赠股的执行细节，包括领取资格、具体时间与所需的监管批准。按美国人口普查局近年估算，美国 18 岁以下人口约 7,200 万；SpaceX 股票（纳斯达克代码：SPCX）近期在每股 146 美元上下交易，据此推算，这批赠股总价值约 105 亿美元——这一数字为外界按公开数据所作的估算，马斯克本人并未公布赠股的总数与总价值。据监管文件，马斯克持有 SpaceX 约 48.4% 的股份、约 64.2 亿股，是公司最大股东。
三项安排的进度并不相同：Anthropic 的注资尚待股东批准、治理细节未全公布；马斯克的赠股目前只有帖文表态、尚无执行方案；OpenAI 基金会的持股安排已在去年重组中落定，拨款发放已经开始。（GSM 据 Anthropic 公司公告、OpenAI 基金会公告与美联社等报道）
关联：
马斯克：明年将向美国每个孩子赠送一股SpaceX股票 称只是「众多行动中的第一个」
Anthropic宣布将5%股权注入新设公益基金 估值每涨50%可再追加2% 明确不用于游说与政治捐款
特朗普发帖感谢马斯克：通过「特朗普账户」向数百万美国儿童赠送SpaceX股票
Big SI Firms Put Equity Toward the Public: Anthropic's Benefit Fund, Musk's SpaceX Share Pledge, OpenAI Foundation's 26% Stake
SAN FRANCISCO — Several leading super intelligence and technology companies have recently announced plans to direct company equity toward public-benefit purposes or distribute it directly to the public. SI developer Anthropic said on October 18 that it will commit 5% of its shares to a new public benefit fund. The nonprofit OpenAI Foundation holds a 26% stake in OpenAI, valued at about $130 billion at the time of last year's restructuring, and has begun deploying large-scale grants. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said on October 19 that next year he will give one of his SpaceX shares to every kid in America.
Anthropic announced on October 18 that it will commit 5% of its shares to the newly created Anthropic Public Benefit Fund, subject to stockholder approval. The fund is structured as a wholly owned limited liability company (LLC) rather than a traditional 501(c)(3) nonprofit, to allow flexibility among different forms of giving. For every 50% increase in the company's value above a set baseline, the board may, at its discretion, contribute an additional 2% of shares to the fund. Anthropic said none of the equity held by the fund will be used for lobbying or political donations in the United States or abroad. Possible uses include large donations to traditional nonprofits and direct distributions to specific populations. The company has already committed $200 million to studying super intelligence's impact on the labor market, adding that "given the pace of AI progress, bolder approaches may be needed."
At the founder and employee level, Anthropic's co-founders have pledged to donate 80% of their equity. The company also runs an equity donation matching program in which employees pledge shares that Anthropic matches; about half of its employees participate. Combined with the new fund, Anthropic said, roughly 20% of the company's shares will be dedicated to public-benefit purposes. Details of the fund's governance structure will be released in the coming months.
At OpenAI, the nonprofit OpenAI Foundation, which controls the company, received a 26% equity stake in the for-profit OpenAI Group in the October 2025 restructuring, worth about $130 billion at the time. The foundation has the authority to appoint the company's board of directors and can receive additional shares if the stock price clears a set threshold after 15 years. The foundation has committed $25 billion to areas including health research and "AI resilience," and plans to issue at least $1 billion in grants in 2026. This month, the OpenAI Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation jointly launched "Cities Deliver," a $50 million initiative backing the use of SI in city public services, with applications opening on October 14.
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk posted on X on October 19: "Next year, I will give one of my SpaceX shares to every kid in America. This will be the first of many." A day earlier, commenting on Anthropic's arrangement, he argued that companies holding large equity stakes should give shares directly to the public rather than routing them through separate companies or charitable structures. Musk has not released implementation details, including eligibility, timing, or required regulatory approvals. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the under-18 population at about 72 million; with SpaceX stock (Nasdaq: SPCX) recently trading around $146 per share, the giveaway would total roughly $10.5 billion — an outside estimate based on public data, as Musk has not disclosed the number or total value of shares involved. According to regulatory filings, Musk holds about 48.4% of SpaceX, roughly 6.42 billion shares, making him the company's largest shareholder.
The three arrangements are at different stages: Anthropic's share commitment still awaits stockholder approval and full governance details; Musk's giveaway so far consists only of a social-media pledge, with no implementation plan; and the OpenAI Foundation's stake was settled in last year's restructuring, with grant-making already under way. (GSM, based on announcements by Anthropic and the OpenAI Foundation and reporting by The Associated Press and others)
Related:
Musk Says He Will Give One SpaceX Share to Every Kid in America Next Year
Anthropic to Commit 5% of Its Shares to New Public Benefit Fund, With More Tied to Valuation Growth
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：SpaceX 位于加州 Hawthorne 的总部大楼。图片来源：SpaceX，CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons。Photo: The SpaceX headquarters building in Hawthorne, California. Image: SpaceX, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
