核管会完成Xe-100安全审查：先进反应堆迈向建造许可、应急区仅需400米
先进核反应堆开发商X-energy10月30日宣布，美国核管理委员会（核管会，NRC）已完成其Xe-100高温气冷堆首次部署的安全审查，并发布最终安全评估报告。这意味着建造许可审批所需的两项主要审查——安全审查与环境审查——已经全部完成，项目进入核管会建造许可审查的最后阶段。
最终安全评估报告汇总了核管会对Xe-100主要设计准则、初步设计、安全分析、概率风险评估与研发计划的审查，结论是拟建电厂与场址已具备依据联邦法规第10卷第50部分开始建造的安全基础。向委员会提供独立咨询的反应堆安全咨询委员会另行审查了核管会工作人员的评估，支持发放建造许可。
Xe-100的安全论证建立在TRISO-X包覆颗粒燃料与卵石床堆芯的被动物理特性之上。按这套设计，申请方可以争取仅400米的应急规划区，而传统轻水反应堆为10英里——这使新一代核电可以更靠近用能地点选址，包括建在大型工业设施围栏之内或更接近人口密集区。核管会此次审查为后续每一个Xe-100项目确立了监管先例。
首个部署项目是与化工企业Dow（陶氏）合作、依托美国能源部先进反应堆示范计划推进的Long Mott发电站。X-energy称，该项目将成为美国历史上首座建在工业设施内的电网级先进核反应堆。公司与核管会的预申请沟通始于2018年；Xe-100是首个采用核管会「技术包容、风险导向、绩效为本」许可框架的高温气冷堆建造许可申请，其TRISO-X燃料源自能源部先进气冷堆计划逾20年的辐照数据与生产规范。
核管会已于2026年5月完成该项目的环境审查，出具环境评估与「无重大影响」结论。在英国，Xe-100近期已被纳入通用设计评估程序。X-energy首席全球运营官Dragan Popovic说：「为一座新反应堆取得许可，靠的是申请的质量与监管审查的严格。核管会完成安全审查，凝结了我们团队与核管会工作人员多年的严谨工作，为后续每一个Xe-100申请打下基础。」
NRC Completes Safety Review of Xe-100 as Advanced Reactor Moves Toward Construction Permit
Advanced reactor developer X-energy announced on October 30 that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has completed its safety review for the initial deployment of the Xe-100 high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, issuing a Final Safety Evaluation Report. With the environmental review already complete, both primary reviews required for a construction permit are now done, and the project moves to the final stages of the NRC's construction permit review.
The report follows the NRC's review of the Xe-100 plant's principal design criteria, preliminary design, safety analyses, probabilistic risk assessment and research and development programs, and documents the staff's conclusion that the proposed plant and site provide the safety basis to begin construction under 10 CFR Part 50. The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, which advises the Commission independently, separately reviewed the staff's evaluation and supports issuance of the construction permit.
The Xe-100's safety case rests on the passive physics of its TRISO-X coated particle fuel and pebble-bed core. The design allows applicants to pursue a compact emergency planning zone of 400 meters, compared with 10 miles for conventional light-water reactors, enabling new generation to be sited closer to the point of need — including inside the perimeter of a large industrial facility. The NRC review establishes regulatory precedent for every Xe-100 project that follows.
The initial deployment is the proposed Long Mott Generating Station, advanced in partnership with Dow under the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program. X-energy says it would be the first grid-scale advanced nuclear reactor at an industrial facility in U.S. history. Pre-application engagement with the NRC dates to 2018, and the Xe-100 is the first high-temperature gas-cooled reactor construction permit application to use the NRC's technology-inclusive, risk-informed, performance-based licensing framework; its TRISO-X fuel builds on more than 20 years of U.S. Department of Energy testing data.
The NRC completed the project's environmental review in May 2026 with an Environmental Assessment and a Finding of No Significant Impact. In the United Kingdom, the Xe-100 was recently accepted into the Generic Design Assessment process. 'Licensing a new reactor is earned through the quality of the application and the rigor of the regulator's review,' said Dragan Popovic, X-energy's Chief Global Operating Officer. 'The NRC's completion of its safety review reflects years of disciplined work by our team and the NRC staff, establishing the foundations to support every Xe-100 application that follows.'
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：TRISO包覆颗粒燃料剖面图。美国能源部，公共领域，经Wikimedia Commons。 / Cross-section of a TRISO coated fuel particle. U.S. Department of Energy, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
