农业部为美国棉花推出两项新举措：2027作物年保险可叠加附加险 棉花关税配额改由海外农业局运作
Caldwell，德克萨斯州——美国农业部（USDA）部长 Brooke Rollins 10 月 16 日在德克萨斯州 Caldwell 的 Giesenschlag Farms 宣布「美国棉花计划」（Great American Cotton Plan）两项新举措，分别涉及作物保险灵活性与棉花进口关税配额的运作方式。
第一项举措由农业部风险管理局（RMA）执行：自 2027 作物年起，生产者（包括棉农）可在一份作物保险保单上购买多项附加险（endorsements），以便按自身风险组合保障方案。该安排依据 2025 年 7 月 4 日签署生效的《工薪家庭减税法》（Working Families Tax Cuts Act）相关条款，风险管理局须在 2026 年 11 月 30 日前向获批保险提供商与代理发布最终细则。
第二项举措涉及贸易：农业部海外农业局（FAS）将接管棉花关税配额（TRQ）流程，并设计一套 2027 年启动的激励机制——核实 Bangladesh、Indonesia、Cambodia、Malaysia 四国购买美国棉花的情况，相应给予使用美国棉花及纺织投入品生产的服装以优惠关税待遇进口。
Rollins 在宣布时表示：「上一届政府任内，美国丢掉了世界第一大棉花出口国的地位……我们今年 5 月推出了『美国棉花计划』。在恢复美国棉花产业之前，我们不会停下。」农业部称，该计划于 2026 年 5 月推出，包含促进国内棉花消费、增加国内需求与生产以使棉花更可负担、改善棉花贸易、保护棉农风险四项内容。
（来源：美国农业部）
USDA Unveils Two New Cotton Measures: Stackable Insurance Endorsements for 2027 and a FAS-Run Tariff Quota System
CALDWELL, Texas — U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins announced two new initiatives under the Great American Cotton Plan on October 16 at Giesenschlag Farms in Caldwell, Texas, covering crop-insurance flexibility and the administration of cotton tariff-rate quotas.
Under the first measure, the Risk Management Agency (RMA) will allow producers, including cotton growers, to purchase multiple endorsements on a single crop insurance policy beginning with the 2027 crop year. The change rests on provisions of the Working Families Tax Cuts Act, signed on July 4, 2025, and RMA must issue final guidance to Approved Insurance Providers and agents by November 30, 2026.
Under the second, the Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) will take over the cotton tariff-rate quota (TRQ) process and design an incentive mechanism to launch in 2027: purchases of U.S. cotton by Bangladesh, Indonesia, Cambodia and Malaysia would be verified, and apparel produced with U.S. cotton and textile inputs would in return receive preferential tariff treatment.
“Under the last administration, the United States lost our title as the world's top cotton exporter... we launched the Great American Cotton Plan in May... We are not going to stop until we restore America's cotton industry,” Rollins said. USDA says the plan, launched in May 2026, rests on four pillars: promoting domestic cotton consumption, increasing domestic demand and production to make cotton more affordable, improving cotton trade, and protecting growers against risk.
(Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture)
来源：美国农业部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：Texas Batesville 棉田日落时分的采棉机（资料图）。照片：美国农业部 USDA，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。A cotton picker at sunset in a Batesville, Texas cotton field (file photo). Photo: USDA, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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