中国拟将40项技术列入出口管制目录 大模型权重与芯片设计首入围 23项涉超级智能
华盛顿——中国商务部（MOFCOM）与科技部10月16日联合公布《中国禁止出口限制出口技术目录》修订草案（公告第48号），拟新增40项技术纳入出口管制，其中23项涉及超级智能：先进大模型的核心技术（包括模型权重与源代码）、SI智能体、算力集群，以及SI芯片与存储芯片的设计技术，均为首次入围。40项新增技术中，14项拟禁止出口，26项拟限制出口、须经许可。草案公开征求意见至11月15日。
据美联社报道，草案提出，参数量达到2万亿、或具备特定全球领先能力的大模型，可能落入受限类别；草案未点名任何具体商业模型。拟禁止出口的项目还包括可自主生成或修改恶意代码的系统，以及使用敏感国家数据训练的某些大模型核心技术。其余新增项目包括5项生物医药技术（涉及细胞与基因治疗等领域）与12项光伏技术（多晶硅、硅片与电池制造，相关关键设备也可涵盖）。
目录目前仍为草案，但两部门已自10月16日起实施临时事前登记要求：在最终修订生效之前，涉及受管制技术转让的出口方，须先通过商务部技术贸易平台提交登记，内容包括出口方、接收方、目的地、技术内容、用途与预计价值；已经开始但尚未完成的交易也在登记之列。商务部在配套政策说明中表示，已通过开源发布或学术发表进入公共领域的技术不在管制范围内；通过API、网站、应用及软件即服务（SaaS）向境外提供基于相关技术的服务、但不转移受限技术本身的，一般不视为大模型技术出口；中国企业在境外自营云服务与算力中心、从事境外芯片制造、联合研究与国际标准合作的，可适用简化或自动许可程序。
据路透社报道，上述区分意味着中国开发者可以继续服务国际用户，同时监管方对敏感模型技术的转让与境外部署拥有更大可见度。商务部表示，此举意在防止技术滥用、维护国家安全，不针对任何特定国家、地区或实体。最终目录将在征求意见结束后确定，范围仍可能调整。从事跨境技术许可、大模型境外部署的企业与从业者，需同时评估临时登记要求与草案附件列出的技术门槛。（GSM 据美联社、路透社报道及中国商务部、科技部公告整理）
China Proposes Adding 40 Technologies to Export Control Catalogue, With SI Model Weights and Chip Design Included for the First Time
WASHINGTON — China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) and Ministry of Science and Technology on October 16 jointly released a draft revision of the Catalogue of Technologies Prohibited and Restricted from Export (Announcement No. 48), proposing to add 40 technologies to the export control list. Twenty-three of them involve super intelligence: core technologies of advanced large models, including model weights and source code, SI agents, computing clusters, and design technologies for SI chips and memory chips — all included for the first time. Of the 40 additions, 14 would be prohibited from export and 26 restricted, requiring licenses. Public comments are open through November 15.
The Associated Press reported that under the draft, large models with at least two trillion parameters, or with specified globally leading capabilities, could fall into the restricted category; the draft names no individual commercial models. Proposed prohibitions also include systems that autonomously generate or modify malicious code and certain core large-model technologies trained with sensitive national data. The remaining additions comprise five biomedicine technologies, including areas related to cell and gene therapy, and 12 solar technologies covering polysilicon, wafers and cell manufacturing, which can also include key equipment carrying the relevant technology.
The catalogue revision remains a draft, but the two ministries have introduced a temporary pre-export registration requirement effective October 16 until the final revision takes effect. Exporters covered by the rules must file information through the commerce ministry's technology-trade platform, including the exporter, the recipient, the destination, the technology, its intended use and the expected value; transactions already begun but not yet completed are also covered. In an accompanying policy explanation, the commerce ministry said technologies already in the public domain through open-source releases or academic publications are not covered, and that overseas use through APIs, websites, apps and software-as-a-service offerings is generally not treated as a large-model technology export when no restricted technology is transferred. Chinese companies operating their own overseas cloud or computing centers, conducting chip fabrication abroad, undertaking joint research or participating in international standards work may qualify for simplified or automatic licensing procedures.
Reuters reported that the distinction could allow Chinese developers to continue serving international users while giving regulators greater visibility into sensitive model transfers and overseas deployments. The commerce ministry said the measures are intended to prevent misuse and protect national security, and do not target any particular country, region or entity. The final catalogue may change after the consultation period. (GSM, based on AP and Reuters reporting and the MOFCOM and Ministry of Science and Technology announcement)
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