特朗普签署三项法案成法：克罗部落水权、非法海产执法与员工持股退休
白宫10月15日公布，特朗普总统当日签署三项国会通过的法案，使其正式成为法律。三项法案分别涉及蒙大拿州克罗部落的水权安排、海产品原产地执法，以及员工持股与退休保障的法律定义。
第一项是第240号参议院法案《2025年克罗部落水权和解修正案》。该法修订2010年的《克罗部落水权和解法》，为克罗部落在蒙大拿州保留地内完成若干水利工程提供更大的灵活性。
第二项是第283号参议院法案《非法红鲷鱼与金枪鱼执法法》。该法要求商务部制定一套以化学分析为基础的标准方法，用于鉴别海产品的原产国，以配合对非法捕捞与违规进口海产品的执法。
第三项是第2403号参议院法案《通过持股实现退休法》。该法修订1974年的《员工退休收入保障法》（ERISA），为特定非上市股票的「充分对价」作出定义，涉及员工持股安排下相关股票交易的估值口径。
白宫的签署公告以条目形式列出三项法案的编号、名称与内容概要，未附总统签署仪式的进一步说明。三项法案自签署之日起生效。
关于其中的第283号参议院法案《非法红鲷鱼与金枪鱼执法法》：该法由夏威夷州联邦参议员布莱恩·舒兹（Brian Schatz）与德州参议员泰德·克鲁兹（Ted Cruz）共同推动，要求商务部开发一套基于化学分析的标准方法，识别进口红鲷鱼及特定金枪鱼品种的原产国，并由国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）与国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）共同落实；新法还要求研发可在现场使用的检测试剂盒，以判定鱼获来自美国水域还是外国水域，并尽可能适用于生鱼片、寿司和 poke 等生食制品。舒兹表示，新法将为执法部门提供有力工具，打击海鲜欺诈；夏威夷的金枪鱼（ahi）产业也被视为将因此获得保护，免受非法进口鱼的竞争。
Trump Signs Three Bills Into Law: Crow Tribe Water Rights, Seafood Enforcement and Employee Ownership
The White House announced on October 15 that President Donald Trump signed three bills passed by Congress into law that day. The measures cover water rights for the Crow Tribe in Montana, enforcement on the origin of seafood, and a legal definition tied to employee stock ownership and retirement security.
The first, S. 240, the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Amendments Act of 2025, amends the Crow Tribe Water Rights Settlement Act of 2010 to provide more flexibility to complete certain water projects on the Crow Tribe's reservation in Montana.
The second, S. 283, the Illegal Red Snapper and Tuna Enforcement Act, requires the Department of Commerce to develop a standard methodology, based on chemical analysis, for identifying the country of origin of seafood.
The third, S. 2403, the Retire through Ownership Act, amends the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to provide a definition of adequate consideration for certain closely held stock.
The White House signing statement listed the bill numbers, titles and summaries without further detail on a signing ceremony. The three measures took effect upon signing.
On S. 283, the Illegal Red Snapper and Tuna Enforcement Act: the law, championed by Sen. Brian Schatz of Hawaii and Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, directs the Commerce Department to develop a standard, chemistry-based method to identify the country of origin of imported red snapper and certain tuna species, to be implemented with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It also calls for field-usable test kits to determine whether fish were caught in U.S. or foreign waters, applicable as far as possible to raw preparations such as sashimi, sushi and poke. Schatz said the law will give enforcement agencies a powerful tool against seafood fraud, and Hawaii's ahi (tuna) industry is expected to gain protection from illegally imported fish.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：白宫南立面与南草坪新总统直升机坪（2026年10月12日摄）· G. Edward Johnson 摄，CC BY 4.0（维基共享资源） / The White House south facade and the new presidential helipad on the South Lawn, photographed Oct. 12, 2026 · G. Edward Johnson, CC BY 4.0 (Wikimedia Commons)
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