内政部定版新规：阿拉斯加国家公园恢复州别管理框架 废止2015年以来三轮改动
华盛顿——美国内政部与国家公园管理局10月16日宣布一项最终规则，恢复阿拉斯加州国家公园与保护区沿用三十余年的州别管理框架，内容涵盖野生动物收获、生计相关活动与部分公众准入程序。
内政部称，这套框架源于1980年《阿拉斯加国家利益土地保护法》（ANILCA）：该法为阿拉斯加确立了与国家公园系统其他地区不同的管理制度，允许在部分公园区域进行生计使用，在国家保护区内依州与联邦法律进行运动狩猎与陷阱捕猎，并明确州政府、联邦生计管理计划与国家公园管理局各自的职责。最终规则废止了2015年、2017年与2024年通过的三轮监管改动，恢复此前的关键安排，包括：恢复对影响鱼类与野生动物收获的关闭与限制措施举行公开听证的要求及报纸、电台、邮局通知等本地告知程序；取消2015年后对生计活动增加的部分限制，涉及采集不可食用动物部位制作手工艺品与生计猎熊方式等；恢复在国家保护区内适用州批准的野生动物收获方式。
内政部长道格·伯古姆表示，该框架三十多年来承认阿拉斯加的特殊情况、尊重州在鱼类与野生动物管理中的角色，这项最终规则恢复了这一框架，让阿拉斯加人在影响本地土地与传统的决定中有更强的话语权。国家公园管理局阿拉斯加地区主任唐·斯特里克则表示，新规加强了本地参与，同时保留管理局保护公园资源的职责。
内政部同时说明：新规不修改ANILCA本身，也不改变该法第八章确立的联邦生计优先权——资源有限时，符合资格的阿拉斯加乡村居民在联邦公共土地上享有鱼类与野生动物生计使用的优先权，该优先权继续由联邦生计管理计划管理。管理局已完成环境评估并得出无重大影响结论。最终规则将于10月19日刊登于《联邦公报》（文号2026-21299），刊登30天后生效。
内政部表示，这项最终规则落实了第 14153 号行政命令与内政部长第 3422 号命令的方向，旨在让阿拉斯加的联邦土地管理回归州级框架与地方参与，并减少联邦层面对阿拉斯加保护区狩猎与收获活动的重复限制。
Interior Finalizes Rule Restoring Alaska-Specific Framework for National Parks and Preserves
Washington — The Department of the Interior and the National Park Service on October 16 announced a final rule restoring the longstanding Alaska-specific regulatory framework governing wildlife harvest, subsistence-related activities and certain public access procedures in national parks and preserves across Alaska.
The framework stems from the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA), which set Alaska apart from much of the National Park System, providing for subsistence uses in certain park areas and sport hunting and trapping in national preserves under state and federal law. The final rule rescinds regulatory changes adopted in 2015, 2017 and 2024 and restores key elements of the earlier framework, including public-hearing requirements for certain closures and restrictions affecting fish and wildlife harvest, locally focused notification procedures, and the application of state-authorized wildlife harvest methods in national preserves. It also removes certain post-2015 restrictions on subsistence activities, including requirements tied to collecting nonedible animal parts for handicrafts and methods used for subsistence bear harvest.
Interior Secretary Doug Burgum said the restored framework recognizes Alaska's unique circumstances and respects the state's role in managing fish and wildlife, giving Alaskans a stronger voice in decisions affecting their lands and traditions. The department said the rule does not amend ANILCA or change the federal subsistence priority under Title VIII, which the Federal Subsistence Management Program continues to administer. The National Park Service completed an Environmental Assessment and a Finding of No Significant Impact. The final rule will publish in the Federal Register on October 19, 2026 (document #2026-21299) and takes effect 30 days after publication.
The department said the rule implements the direction of Executive Order 14153 and Secretary's Order 3422, returning federal land management in Alaska toward the state framework and local participation and reducing duplicative federal restrictions on hunting and harvest activities in Alaska preserves.
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：阿拉斯加北极门国家公园雷谷实景（Paxson Woelber 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，维基共享资源）
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