能源部再发战略石油储备交换招标：最高1700万桶原油 延续3月国际协同释放安排
华盛顿 — 美国能源部10月16日发布招标，拟从战略石油储备（SPR）中再交换最高1700万桶原油。据路透社报道，这是美国落实今年3月一项全球安排的最新一步：为平抑受伊朗战争影响的燃油价格，华盛顿当时同意从战略石油储备借出1.72亿桶原油，国际能源署约30个成员国则合计释放4亿桶。
按交换机制，承接企业日后须将借走的原油连同额外的溢价桶一并归还储备。美国今年6月曾推出3月安排的最后一批借油，但企业须以额外原油支付最高24%的溢价，最终仅同意借走约50万桶。
本站10月10日曾报道，能源部另行授权因墨西哥湾飓风天气造成供应中断而紧急交换最高400万桶原油，由埃克森美孚与BP各承接200万桶、于2027年带溢价归还；本次1700万桶招标延续的是3月国际协同释放安排，与该次飓风应急交换分属不同事项。
DOE Solicits New Strategic Petroleum Reserve Exchange of Up to 17 Million Barrels
Washington — The U.S. Department of Energy on October 16 issued a request for proposals for an exchange of up to 17 million barrels of crude oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, according to Reuters. The solicitation is the latest step in a global arrangement struck in March to try to control fuel prices affected by the war on Iran: Washington agreed then to loan 172 million barrels from the SPR as part of a wider International Energy Agency deal in which about 30 countries would release 400 million barrels.
Under the exchange mechanism, participating companies must later return the borrowed crude together with additional premium barrels. The United States previously offered the last batch from the March deal in June, but companies, required to pay premiums of up to 24% in the form of extra barrels returned to the reserve, agreed to borrow only about 500,000 barrels.
Separately, as this site reported on October 10, the Energy Department authorized an emergency exchange of up to 4 million barrels to address hurricane-related supply disruptions in the Gulf, with ExxonMobil and BP taking up to 2 million barrels each and returning the crude with a premium in 2027. The 17-million-barrel solicitation belongs to the March coordinated-release arrangement, not to that hurricane exchange.
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图片来源：图：战略石油储备站点的原油管道与阀站（资料图）。摄影：美国能源部（ENERGY.GOV），公共领域，来源：Wikimedia Commons / Photo: Crude oil pipelines and a valve station at a Strategic Petroleum Reserve site (file photo). Credit: U.S. Department of Energy (ENERGY.GOV), public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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