据路透社报道：美政府考虑放宽「影子船队」油轮制裁 以压低创纪录运价
据路透社报道，一位美国官员周三表示，特朗普政府正考虑放宽对「影子船队」油轮的制裁，以压低创纪录的全球油轮运价。这些「影子船队」船只曾运输俄罗斯、伊朗、委内瑞拉等国的石油。
考虑中的做法是，允许未受美国制裁的「合法石油」——即原油与成品油——由曾被制裁的船只运输；俄罗斯与伊朗受制裁的石油仍不在此列。这一做法的目标，是让更多原油与成品油运出波斯湾地区。有意使用这些船只的公司，须向美国财政部提出申请。
能源部长克里斯·赖特本周在利雅得举行的世界石油大会上通过视频致辞时，提到政府正讨论此事，相关消息来自能源研究机构Energy Aspects。美国能源部表示，放宽制裁不会帮助俄罗斯运输其石油；美国财政部则将相关问题转回能源部回应。
这一考虑出现在特朗普临时解除对俄罗斯柴油制裁数日之后。该柴油决定此前曾招致乌克兰总统泽连斯基、欧洲国家以及部分参议院共和党人的批评。目前，放宽「影子船队」油轮制裁仍处于考虑阶段，尚未实施。按考虑中的安排，放宽仅针对曾被制裁船只承运未受美国制裁石油的情形，俄罗斯与伊朗受制裁的石油仍被排除在外。
Trump Administration Weighing Easing 'Shadow Fleet' Tanker Sanctions to Cut Record Freight Rates, U.S. Official Says
The Trump administration is considering easing sanctions on "shadow fleet" oil tankers in an effort to bring down record global tanker freight rates, a U.S. official said on Wednesday, according to Reuters. The shadow fleet vessels have previously carried oil from countries including Russia, Iran and Venezuela.
Under the approach being considered, "legitimate oil" not subject to U.S. sanctions — crude oil and refined products — could be carried on vessels that were previously sanctioned, while sanctioned Russian and Iranian oil would remain excluded. The goal is to move more crude oil and refined products out of the Persian Gulf region. Companies wishing to use the vessels would have to apply to the U.S. Treasury Department.
Energy Secretary Chris Wright mentioned in a video address to the World Petroleum Congress in Riyadh this week that the administration was discussing the matter, according to the energy research firm Energy Aspects. The Energy Department said easing the sanctions would not help Russia transport its oil, and the Treasury Department referred questions back to the Energy Department.
The consideration comes days after Trump temporarily lifted sanctions on Russian diesel. That diesel decision had drawn criticism from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, European countries and some Senate Republicans. The possible easing of shadow fleet tanker sanctions remains under consideration and has not been implemented. Under the arrangement being considered, the easing would apply only to previously sanctioned vessels carrying oil that is not under U.S. sanctions, with sanctioned Russian and Iranian oil remaining excluded.
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图片来源：图（资料图）：一艘原油油轮在美国德克萨斯州阿瑟港水域航行。Quintin Soloviev 摄，CC0 1.0（Wikimedia Commons） / File photo: A crude oil tanker in Port Arthur, Texas. By Quintin Soloviev, CC0 1.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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