联邦法官拒绝颁初步禁令 特朗普联邦承包商DEI行政令暂可继续执行
Baltimore——美国马里兰联邦地区法官亚当·阿贝尔森（Adam Abelson）10月14日作出裁定，拒绝颁布初步禁令，驳回了原告要求在诉讼期间先行阻挡特朗普总统联邦承包商DEI行政令的动议。据路透社报道，这意味着该行政令现阶段可继续执行；裁定只处理初步禁令申请，并非对行政令是否合法的终局判决，案件本身仍在审理中。
涉案行政令为第14398号行政令《处理联邦承包商的DEI歧视问题》，特朗普于今年3月26日签署。该令要求联邦合同写入条款，禁止承包商从事所谓「种族歧视性DEI活动」，并将其界定为在招聘、雇佣、签约、项目参与及资源分配中基于种族或族裔的差别对待；承包商须以书面形式证明合规，并按要求提供账簿与记录供核查。不合规者可能面临合同被取消，并可能因合规被认定为《虚假申报法》下的付款关键条件而被调查。许多美国大型企业——从国防、科技公司到食品服务与物流企业——都是联邦承包商。
提起本案的是代表大学教职员工与少数族裔企业主的团体，诉讼于今年4月提出，由法律组织「民主前进」（Democracy Forward）代理。原告主张，该行政令错误地预设所有多元、公平与包容（DEI）做法都构成非法种族歧视，并触及受美国宪法保护的言论。
阿贝尔森法官由前总统拜登任命。他在裁定中认为，原告未能证明该行政令过于宽泛：该令对违法行为的界定较窄，只禁止联邦法律本已禁止的行为，即基于种族或族裔的故意歧视。据彭博法律报道，法官同时认定，该行政令不太可能侵犯承包商的第一修正案言论自由权利或第五修正案正当程序权利。
据路透社报道，「民主前进」在声明中表示，这一裁定对联邦承包商而言令人安心，因为法院明确该行政令并不广泛禁止多元化项目，且其适用范围不超过承包商在写入相关条款的那一份具体合同下为政府所做的工作。美国司法部未立即回应路透社的置评请求。
另据路透社报道，该行政令在同一法院还面临一项平行诉讼：19个由民主党领导的州与华盛顿特区提起诉讼，要求阻止联邦机构为落实该行政令而修改合同，该案仍在进行中。特朗普此前已禁止联邦机构实行DEI项目，并撤销了1965年要求联邦承包商采取平权措施雇用少数族裔与女性的行政令。
（资料来源：路透社2026年10月14日报道；行政令内容与编号据彭博法律及公开法律分析核对）
关联：
特朗普发帖重申：已废除联邦政府DEI政策、将批判性种族理论清出学校 英语已定为官方语言
U.S. Judge Declines to Block Trump's Federal Contractor DEI Order, Rejecting Preliminary Injunction
BALTIMORE — U.S. District Judge Adam Abelson in Baltimore, Maryland, on October 14 declined to issue a preliminary injunction and denied a motion to block President Donald Trump's executive order on diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs by federal contractors while litigation proceeds. According to Reuters, the ruling means the order can remain in effect for now; it decides only the request for preliminary relief and is not a final judgment on the order's legality, and the underlying lawsuit continues.
The order at issue is Executive Order 14398, "Addressing DEI Discrimination by Federal Contractors," signed by Trump on March 26 of this year. It requires federal contracts to include a clause barring what it calls "racially discriminatory DEI activities," defined as disparate treatment based on race or ethnicity in recruitment, employment, contracting, program participation, or the allocation of resources. Contractors must certify their compliance in writing and furnish books and records for verification on demand. Businesses that do not comply could lose their contracts and be investigated for violating the federal False Claims Act, because compliance is treated as material to payment decisions. Many of the largest U.S. businesses, from defense and technology companies to food service providers and logistics firms, are federal contractors.
The lawsuit was filed in April by groups representing university faculty and minority business owners, represented by the legal organization Democracy Forward. The plaintiffs argue that the order wrongly presumes that all DEI amounts to illegal racial discrimination and extends to speech protected by the U.S. Constitution.
Judge Abelson, an appointee of former President Joe Biden, found that the plaintiffs had failed to show the order was too broad, saying its definition of unlawful conduct was narrower: it prohibits only conduct already prohibited by federal law, namely intentional discrimination on the basis of race or ethnicity. According to Bloomberg Law, the judge also ruled that the order is not likely to violate contractors' First Amendment free-speech rights or Fifth Amendment due-process rights.
In a statement reported by Reuters, Democracy Forward said the decision would be reassuring for federal contractors because it made clear the order does not broadly prohibit diversity programs, and that the court confirmed the order reaches no further than the work a contractor performs for the government under the specific contract where the clause appears. The U.S. Department of Justice did not immediately respond to a request for comment, Reuters reported.
The order faces a parallel challenge in the same court: 19 Democratic-led states and Washington, D.C., have sued seeking to block federal agencies from altering contracts to comply with the order, and that case is ongoing, according to Reuters. Trump has also banned DEI programs by federal agencies and repealed a 1965 executive order that required federal contractors to take affirmative action to hire minorities and women.
(Sources: Reuters report, October 14, 2026; executive order details cross-checked against Bloomberg Law and published legal analyses)
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来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
