特朗普同日签署两道量子行政令：14413号推进量子创新，14412号为后量子密码迁移设2030与2031年期限
美国总统特朗普2026年6月22日在华盛顿同日签署两道量子行政令。第14413号令推进量子创新，第14412号令《保卫国家免受先进密码攻击》为联邦信息系统向后量子密码迁移设定有约束力的期限，两令一攻一防。
据白宫事实清单，第14413号令要求总统科技助理会同相关部门更新国家量子战略，支持量子使能技术并鼓励与美国产业合作；设立国家行动，研制首台足以开启量子赋能科学发现时代的量子计算机，包括评估系统能力、测算所需资源并制定技术规格，由能源部、战争部、商务部与情报界协调推进；商务、战争、能源部长与国家航空航天局局长须制定未来五年部署量子传感器与量子网络的计划。令文还要求扩增注册学徒与资格证书、设立国家量子 workforce 发展机构、重组国家量子计划咨询委员会并扩编量子反情报保护团队。白宫称，政府已投入6.25亿美元于主要国家量子研究机构。
第14412号令要求联邦信息系统向美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）批准的后量子密码（PQC）标准迁移：各机构30天内指定后量子密码迁移负责人；管理和预算办公室90天内发布指引，要求各机构的高价值资产与高影响系统（国家安全系统除外）在2030年12月31日前把密钥建立迁移至后量子密码、2031年12月31日前把数字签名迁移至后量子密码，并提交迁移计划。
第14412号令还要求NIST在180天内启动后量子密码迁移试点、2027年12月31日前完成，联邦采购规则委员会在180天内提出规则，要求受覆盖承包商在2030年12月31日前符合包含后量子密码算法的联邦信息处理标准。两令均于6月25日刊登于《联邦公报》。
Trump Signs Two Quantum Executive Orders: No. 14413 on Quantum Innovation, No. 14412 Sets 2030 and 2031 Post-Quantum Deadlines
President Donald J. Trump signed two quantum executive orders in Washington on June 22, 2026. Executive Order 14413 advances quantum innovation, while Executive Order 14412, Securing the Nation Against Advanced Cryptographic Attacks, sets binding deadlines for migrating federal information systems to post-quantum cryptography.
According to the White House fact sheet, Executive Order 14413 directs the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, in coordination with other government leaders, to update the National Quantum Strategy to support quantum-enabling technology and encourage partnerships with U.S. industry. It establishes a national effort to develop the first quantum computer powerful enough to initiate the era of quantum-enabled scientific discovery, including evaluations of system capabilities, an assessment of the resources necessary to build it and development of specifications, coordinated across the Departments of Energy, War and Commerce and the Intelligence Community. The Secretaries of Commerce, War and Energy and the NASA Administrator are to develop plans to deploy quantum-enabled sensors and networks over the next five years. The order also expands registered apprenticeships and credentials, creates National Quantum Workforce Development Institutes, reconstitutes the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee and expands the Quantum Counterintelligence Protection Team. The White House said the administration has invested $625 million so far in major national quantum research institutes.
Executive Order 14412 requires federal information systems to transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) standards approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Each agency must identify a PQC migration lead within 30 days. Within 90 days, the Office of Management and Budget must issue guidance requiring each agency to transition all high value assets and high impact systems, excluding National Security Systems, to use PQC for key establishment by December 31, 2030, and for digital signatures by December 31, 2031, and to submit a migration plan.
Executive Order 14412 also directs NIST to initiate a PQC migration pilot within 180 days, to be completed no later than December 31, 2027, and directs the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council to publish a proposed rule within 180 days requiring covered contractors to comply by December 31, 2030 with federal standards incorporating PQC algorithms. Both orders were published in the Federal Register on June 25.
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
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