特朗普宣布120亿美元农民过桥付款，110亿经大田作物计划发放
美国总统特朗普12月8日在华盛顿白宫，与农业部长 Brooke Rollins、财政部长 Scott Bessent、参议院农业委员会主席 John Boozman 等国会议员及来自 Arkansas、Iowa、Indiana、Kansas、Louisiana、Pennsylvania、Ohio 与德克萨斯州等州的农民共同宣布，美国农业部将提供120亿美元的一次性过桥付款，帮助农民应对暂时性贸易市场扰动与持续上升的生产成本。农业部说，这笔付款意在提供过渡支持，直到《一个大而美法案》中参考价格上调10%至21%等投入自2026年10月1日起惠及符合条件的农民。
其中最多110亿美元将用于农民过桥援助计划（Farmer Bridge Assistance Program），覆盖大麦、鹰嘴豆、玉米、棉花、扁豆、燕麦、花生、豌豆、稻米、高粱、大豆、小麦以及菜籽油料等共20种大田作物。该计划按统一公式计算，以农业服务局报告的种植面积、经济研究局的生产成本估算与世界农业供需估算的产量和价格为基础，按比例弥补2025作物年模拟损失的一部分。符合条件的农民预计可在2026年2月28日前收到付款；农民须在美东时间12月19日下午5时前确保其2025年种植面积报告真实准确，各作物的具体付款标准将于本月底前公布，该计划不要求与作物保险挂钩。
其余10亿美元将预留给过桥援助计划未覆盖的品种，如特色作物与蔗糖，具体细节与时间表仍在制定之中。整笔120亿美元过桥付款依据《商品信贷公司章程法》获得授权，由农业部农业服务局负责发放，农民如有疑问可通过农业部公布的专用邮箱提出。
Rollins 在声明中说，上一届政府时期的纪录性通胀、被削弱的农场安全网与迟滞的灾害援助至今仍使美国农业经济承压，农业贸易顺差转为500亿美元逆差，农民失去市场并因大宗商品价格走低而切实受痛；特朗普指示其团队建立这一过桥计划，在数十项新贸易协议与新市场准入生效之际为农民提供快速纾困。她说，该计划确保美国农民能够继续为下一个作物年作规划。
Trump Announces $12 Billion in Farmer Bridge Payments, With $11 Billion for Row Crops
President Donald Trump, joined at the White House in Washington on December 8 by Secretary of Agriculture Brooke Rollins, Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent, lawmakers including Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman John Boozman, and farmers from states including Arkansas, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Texas, announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture will make $12 billion available in one-time bridge payments to help farmers respond to temporary trade market disruptions and increased production costs. The department said the payments are intended in part to aid farmers until investments from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, including reference prices set to increase between 10 and 21 percent for major covered commodities, reach eligible farmers on October 1, 2026.
Of the total, up to $11 billion will be used for the Farmer Bridge Assistance Program, which covers 20 row crops, including barley, chickpeas, corn, cotton, lentils, oats, peanuts, peas, rice, sorghum, soybeans, wheat and oilseeds such as canola. Using a uniform formula based on Farm Service Agency reported planted acres, Economic Research Service cost-of-production estimates, and World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates yields and prices, the program covers a portion of modeled losses for the 2025 crop year. Farmers who qualify can expect payments to be released by February 28, 2026; eligible farmers should ensure their 2025 acreage reporting is factual and accurate by 5 p.m. ET on December 19, 2025, commodity-specific payment rates will be released by the end of the month, and crop insurance linkage will not be required.
The remaining $1 billion will be reserved for commodities not covered by the program, such as specialty crops and sugar, with details and timelines still under development. The $12 billion in payments is authorized under the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act and will be administered by the Farm Service Agency, and producers can submit questions through a dedicated email address published by the department.
In a statement, Rollins said the farm economy was still reeling from record inflation, a depleted farm safety net and delayed disaster assistance left by the previous administration, which had turned a trade surplus into a $50 billion trade deficit and caused farmers to lose markets. She said Trump directed the team to build the bridge program to provide quick relief while dozens of new trade deals and new market access take effect, and that the plan ensures American farmers can continue to plan for the next crop year.
来源：美国农业部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于美国华盛顿的美国农业部总部大楼。ajay_suresh 摄，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons（联邦固定图库标准图）。 / Photo: The U.S. Department of Agriculture headquarters in Washington. Photo by ajay_suresh, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons (federal fixed-library image).
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
