缅甸中部发生7.7级地震：震中靠近曼德勒、实皆断裂带破裂475公里
2025年3月28日当地时间12时50分，缅甸中部发生矩震级7.7级地震。美国地质调查局测定，震中位于缅甸实皆省、靠近该国第二大城市曼德勒，震中坐标北纬22.011度、东经95.936度，震源深度约10公里；约11分钟后，震中以南又发生6.7级余震。
这次地震发生在实皆断裂带上。这条南北走向的大断裂纵贯缅甸中部；美国地质调查局研究团队其后在《科学》期刊发表的研究指出，这次破裂沿断裂带撕开了475公里，是同震级按标度关系预测长度的两倍多，破裂速度超过每秒5公里、属于超剪切破裂，让断层沿线大量人口暴露在剧烈震动之下；研究团队把这次地震比作1906年旧金山的7.9级地震——同为异常地长而快的破裂。
震害集中在缅甸中部。联合国人道主义事务协调厅在震后十天发布的情况报告汇总公开数字说，缅甸全国已有超过3500人死亡、近5000人受伤、200多人失踪；约1720万人生活在受灾地区，其中910多万人身处震感最强的区域，受灾范围涉及58个镇区，曼德勒省、首都内比都、实皆省与掸邦南部受灾最重。
报告说，灾区最急需的是食物、饮用水、医疗、现金援助与紧急住所；失去家园的人要在缅甸一年中最热、最干的月份露天栖身，而曼德勒一带已经开始降雨，进一步威胁露宿者的处境。上述伤亡数字是震后十天的汇总，其后仍有更新。（来源：美国地质调查局）
Magnitude 7.7 Earthquake Strikes Central Myanmar Near Mandalay, Rupturing 475 Kilometers of the Sagaing Fault
On March 28, 2025, at 12:50 p.m. local time, a moment magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck central Myanmar. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) located the epicenter in Myanmar's Sagaing Region, close to Mandalay, the country's second-largest city, at 22.011°N, 95.936°E and a depth of about 10 kilometers; about 11 minutes later, a magnitude 6.7 aftershock struck to the south of the epicenter.
The earthquake ruptured the Sagaing Fault, the great north-south fault running through central Myanmar. A USGS-led study later published in the journal Science found that the rupture tore through 475 kilometers of the fault — more than twice the length predicted by magnitude scaling relationships — at supershear velocities of more than 5 kilometers per second, exposing a vast population along the fault to violent shaking. The researchers compared the event to the magnitude 7.9 San Francisco earthquake of 1906, another atypically long and fast rupture.
Damage was concentrated in central Myanmar. In a situation report issued ten days after the earthquake, the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), compiling publicly available figures, said more than 3,500 people had died across Myanmar, nearly 5,000 had been injured, and over 200 remained missing. An estimated 17.2 million people were living in affected areas, with over 9.1 million exposed to the strongest tremors across 58 townships; Mandalay Region, the capital Nay Pyi Taw, Sagaing Region, and southern Shan State were the most severely affected.
Urgent needs, OCHA said, included food, drinking water, healthcare, cash assistance, and emergency shelter. People left homeless were exposed to extreme heat during the country's hottest and driest month, and rain had already begun in Mandalay, posing an additional threat to those sheltering in the open. The casualty figures above are the ten-day tally and were updated further in later reporting. (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)
来源：美国地质调查局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国地质调查局（USGS）本事件ShakeMap烈度图（事件us7000pn9s）：2025年3月28日缅甸曼德勒7.7级地震，震中位于曼德勒附近、实皆断裂带破裂带纵贯缅甸中部（美国地质调查局，公共领域，Wikimedia Commons）。 / Image: USGS ShakeMap intensity map for this event (us7000pn9s), the March 28, 2025 M7.7 Mandalay, Myanmar earthquake, with the epicenter near Mandalay and the Sagaing Fault rupture running through central Myanmar (U.S. Geological Survey, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons).
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
