特朗普签署行政令：推动关闭联邦教育部、把教育权交还各州
2025年3月20日，美国总统特朗普在首都华盛顿的白宫签署第14242号行政令《通过赋权家长、各州与社区改善教育成果》，指示教育部长在法律允许的最大范围内，采取一切必要步骤推动关闭联邦教育部，把教育管理权交还各州与地方社区，同时确保美国人所依赖的服务、项目与福利不间断地有效发放。
行政令回顾说，纳税人在新冠疫情期间在联邦层面为学校花了约2000亿美元，此外每年联邦学校经费还有600多亿美元；分发这些资金的教育部是美国最新的内阁机构之一，1979年由国会应卡特总统的要求设立，此后把教育官僚体系越做越大。行政令说，教育部本身并不教育任何人，却设有一个80多名员工、每年花费1000多万美元的公共关系办公室。
行政令列举的成绩数据是：今年的全国教育进步评估显示，八年级学生有70%阅读未达熟练水平、72%数学未达熟练水平，美国学生的阅读与数学成绩接近历史低点。行政令还说，关闭教育部将大幅改善高等教育的项目执行——教育部目前管理着超过1.6万亿美元的学生贷款组合，规模约相当于美国最大的银行之一富国银行，但其联邦学生援助办公室的员工不到1500人；行政令称，教育部不是银行，必须把银行职能交还给有能力服务美国学生的机构。
行政令第二部分还要求，教育部任何联邦资金的分配都必须严格遵守联邦法律与本届政府的政策，包括要求任何接受联邦资助的项目或活动，终止以「多元、公平与包容」或类似名义掩盖的非法歧视，并终止推广性别意识形态的项目。
行政令的用语本身设了边界：推动关闭只在「法律允许的最大范围」内进行，整令按适用法律实施、并取决于国会拨款的可用性。教育部系由国会立法设立，其主要职能最终能否全部移交各州，行政令签署当日并未定案。（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Executive Order to Facilitate Closure of the Department of Education, Returning Authority to the States
On March 20, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14242, "Improving Education Outcomes by Empowering Parents, States, and Communities," at the White House in Washington, directing the Secretary of Education, to the maximum extent appropriate and permitted by law, to take all necessary steps to facilitate the closure of the U.S. Department of Education and return authority over education to the states and local communities, while ensuring the effective and uninterrupted delivery of services, programs, and benefits on which Americans rely.
The order recounts that taxpayers spent around $200 billion at the federal level on schools during the COVID-19 pandemic, on top of more than $60 billion a year in federal school funding, and that the Department of Education — one of the newest Cabinet agencies, created by Congress in 1979 at the urging of President Jimmy Carter — has since entrenched the education bureaucracy. The Department does not educate anyone, the order says, yet it maintains a public relations office of over 80 staffers costing more than $10 million a year.
Citing this year's National Assessment of Educational Progress, the order says 70 percent of eighth graders were below proficient in reading and 72 percent were below proficient in math, with American reading and math scores near historical lows. It also argues that closure would drastically improve program implementation in higher education: the Department manages a student loan portfolio of more than $1.6 trillion — roughly the size of Wells Fargo, one of the nation's largest banks — while its Office of Federal Student Aid has fewer than 1,500 employees. "The Department of Education is not a bank," the order says, and bank functions must return to an entity equipped to serve America's students.
The order further directs that the allocation of any Department of Education funds be subject to rigorous compliance with federal law and administration policy, including the requirement that any program or activity receiving federal assistance terminate illegal discrimination obscured under the label "diversity, equity, and inclusion" or similar terms, and programs promoting gender ideology.
The order's own language sets its limits: the push toward closure is confined to what the law permits, the order is to be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations, and the Department itself was created by an act of Congress — so whether its main functions would ultimately all return to the states remained undecided on the day it was signed. (Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
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