万斯在慕尼黑安全会议演讲：欧洲最大的威胁来自内部
2025年2月14日，美国副总统 J.D. Vance 在德国巴伐利亚州慕尼黑市举行的第61届慕尼黑安全会议上发表演讲。第61届慕尼黑安全会议于2月14日至16日在慕尼黑的巴伐利亚霍夫酒店（Hotel Bayerischer Hof）举行。Vance 说，他去年是以美国联邦参议员身份来慕尼黑参会的；他先向慕尼黑民众致意，说前一天在慕尼黑发生的袭击事件后，美方的心思与祈祷与慕尼黑及所有受影响的人同在。
Vance 的核心论断是欧洲面临的最大威胁来自内部。他说：「我对欧洲最担心的威胁不是俄罗斯，不是中国，也不是任何其他外部行为体。我担心的是来自内部的威胁，是欧洲从它一些最基本的价值——与美利坚合众国共享的价值——上的退却。」他同时表示，特朗普政府非常关切欧洲安全，相信俄罗斯与乌克兰之间可以达成合理的解决，并认为今后几年欧洲须大幅挺身而出、为自身防务作出保障。
Vance 用多个欧洲事例批评他所称的民主与言论自由退却：欧盟官员警告公民，民事动荡时一旦发现其判定为「仇恨内容」的东西，就打算关闭社交媒体；德国警方以打击网络仇视女性言论的「行动日」为名，突袭搜查被指发帖批评女权主义的公民住所；瑞典两周前判定一名基督教活动人士有罪，理由是他参与了导致其朋友遇害的焚烧《古兰经》活动。他说：「在英国乃至整个欧洲，言论自由，恐怕说来，正在退却。」
他点名英国的良心权利问题：一名51岁的理疗师、退伍军人 Adam Smith-Connor 两年多前因站在一家堕胎诊所50米外默默祈祷三分钟被英国政府起诉，后被判违反新的「缓冲区」法律——该法把在堕胎设施200米内默默祈祷及其他可能「影响」他人决定的行为入罪——并被判支付数千英镑的检方诉讼费用。Vance 还说，苏格兰政府去年10月起向所谓「安全准入区」内的居民发信，警告称即使在自己家中私下祈祷也可能违法。
Vance 就罗马尼亚2024年12月取消总统选举结果用了较多篇幅。他说，罗马尼亚是根据一家情报机构的站不住脚的怀疑、以及来自欧洲大陆邻国的巨大压力，直接取消了选举结果；有关说法是俄罗斯假信息影响了罗马尼亚选举。他说：「你可以认为俄罗斯出钱买社交媒体广告来影响你们的选举是错的，我们当然也这样认为。但如果你们的民主能被一个外国几十万美元的数字广告摧毁，那它本来就没那么坚强。」他还批评慕尼黑安全会议主办方禁止代表左右两翼民粹政党的议员参加会议讨论，称把人排除在政治进程之外是摧毁民主最稳妥的办法。
他把矛头也指向美国上一届政府，称拜登政府曾威胁、胁迫社交媒体公司审查所谓错误信息，比如新冠病毒很可能是从中国一家实验室泄漏的说法。他说：「在华盛顿，镇上来了新警长。在 Donald Trump 的领导下，我们可能不同意你的观点，但我们会奋力捍卫你在公共广场上表达它的权利。」他还说，发言和表达意见不是选举干预，并以美国民主能经受多年的批评为例打趣。
移民是演讲的另一主线。Vance 说，在与会各国面临的所有紧迫挑战中，没有什么比大规模移民更紧迫：如今生活在德国的人中将近五分之一是从国外迁入的、创历史新高，美国的比例也类似、同样创历史新高；仅2021年到2022年间，从非欧盟国家进入欧盟的移民人数就翻了一倍，此后更高。他说，没有哪个选民投票是为了向数百万未经审查的移民敞开闸门，欧洲各地的选民越来越多地投票给承诺终止失控移民的政治领导人；前一天发生在慕尼黑的袭击，正是这类政策决定带来的后果之一。
Vance 还谈到防务与民主授权：特朗普已表明欧洲盟友必须在本大陆的未来扮演更大角色，欧洲须在美国聚焦世界其他高危地区的同时挺身而出；但如果不知道要捍卫什么，就无从思考预算问题。他说：「我深信，如果你害怕自己人民的声音、意见与良知，就没有安全可言。如果你是在畏惧自己的选民中执政，美国为你什么也做不了。」他以「民主建立在人民的声音至关重要的神圣原则之上。防火墙没有容身之地」作结，引教宗若望保禄二世的话说「不要害怕」。
德国国防部长 Boris Pistorius 当天在同一会议上回应了 Vance 的演讲。Pistorius 说，他不能不对美国副总统的演讲发表评论；这场演讲涉及的民主刚刚被美国副总统质疑，而且不只是德国的民主、是整个欧洲的民主；如果他的理解正确，Vance 是把欧洲的状况与一些威权政权下的状况相提并论，「这是不可接受的」。Pistorius 说，在德国的民主里，每一种意见都有发声的机会，包括部分极端的政党也可以像其他政党一样竞选，这就是民主；民主并不意味着吵闹的少数就自动正确、可以决定什么是真相。他还表示要明确反驳「我们的民主压迫和压制少数群体」的印象，称欧洲捍卫的是民主、言论自由、法治与每个人的尊严。
（来源：白宫）
Vance at the Munich Security Conference: Europe's Greatest Threat Is From Within
On February 14, 2025, U.S. Vice President J.D. Vance delivered a speech at the 61st Munich Security Conference in Munich, in the German state of Bavaria. The 61st Munich Security Conference was held from February 14 to 16 at the Hotel Bayerischer Hof in Munich. Vance said he had attended the conference in Munich the previous year as a United States senator. He first offered his thoughts and prayers to Munich and to everyone affected by the previous day's horrendous attack in the city.
Vance's central argument was that the greatest threat facing Europe comes from within. "The threat that I worry the most about vis-à-vis Europe is not Russia, it's not China, it's not any other external actor," he said. "And what I worry about is the threat from within, the retreat of Europe from some of its most fundamental values — values shared with the United States of America." He also said the Trump administration was very concerned with European security, believed a reasonable settlement between Russia and Ukraine could be reached, and believed it was important in the coming years for Europe to step up in a big way to provide for its own defense.
Vance cited a series of European cases in criticizing what he described as a retreat from democracy and free speech: European Union commissars warning citizens that they intended to shut down social media during times of civil unrest the moment they spotted what they judged to be "hateful content"; police in Germany carrying out raids against citizens suspected of posting anti-feminist comments online as part of "combating misogyny on the Internet, a day of action"; and Sweden, two weeks earlier, convicting a Christian activist for participating in Quran burnings that resulted in his friend's murder. "In Britain, and across Europe, free speech, I fear, is in retreat," he said.
He singled out conscience rights in the United Kingdom: Adam Smith-Connor, a 51-year-old physiotherapist and army veteran, had been charged a little over two years earlier with standing 50 meters from an abortion clinic and silently praying for three minutes, was found guilty of breaking the government's new "buffer zones" law — which criminalizes silent prayer and other actions that could "influence" a person's decision within 200 meters of an abortion facility — and was sentenced to pay thousands of pounds in legal costs to the prosecution. Vance also said the Scottish government had begun distributing letters the previous October to citizens whose houses lay within so-called "safe access zones," warning them that even private prayer within their own homes might amount to breaking the law.
Vance devoted considerable attention to Romania's cancellation of its presidential election results in December. He said Romania had straight up canceled the results based on the flimsy suspicions of an intelligence agency and enormous pressure from its continental neighbors, on the argument that Russian disinformation had infected the election. "You can believe it's wrong for Russia to buy social media advertisements to influence your elections. We certainly do," he said. "But if your democracy can be destroyed with a few hundred thousand dollars of digital advertising from a foreign country, then it wasn't very strong to begin with." He also criticized the Munich conference's own organizers for banning lawmakers representing populist parties on both the left and the right from participating, saying shutting people out of the political process was the most surefire way to destroy democracy.
He also turned on the previous U.S. administration, saying the Biden administration had threatened and bullied social media companies to censor so-called misinformation, such as the idea that the coronavirus had likely leaked from a laboratory in China. "In Washington, there is a new sheriff in town," he said. "And under Donald Trump's leadership, we may disagree with your views, but we will fight to defend your right to offer it in the public square, agree or disagree." He added that speaking up and expressing opinions was not election interference.
Mass migration was the speech's other main thread. Vance said that of all the pressing challenges facing the nations represented, there was nothing more urgent than mass migration: almost one in five people living in Germany had moved there from abroad, an all-time high, with a similar figure in the United States, also an all-time high; and the number of immigrants who entered the European Union from non-EU countries had doubled between 2021 and 2022 alone and had risen much higher since. He said no voter had gone to the ballot box to open the floodgates to millions of unvetted immigrants, that voters across Europe were increasingly voting for political leaders who promised to put an end to out-of-control migration, and that the previous day's attack in Munich showed the horrors wrought by such policy decisions.
Vance also addressed defense and democratic mandates, saying President Trump had made clear that Europe's allies must play a bigger role in the future of the continent and that Europeans should step up while America focused on areas of the world in great danger, but asking how budgeting questions could be thought through without knowing what was being defended in the first place. "I believe deeply that there is no security if you are afraid of the voices, the opinions, and the conscience that guide your very own people," he said. "If you're running in fear of your own voters, there is nothing America can do for you." He closed by saying democracy rests on the sacred principle that the voice of the people matters and that there is no room for firewalls, quoting Pope John Paul II: "Do not be afraid."
German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius responded to Vance's speech at the same conference that day. Pistorius said he could not refrain from commenting on the speech by the U.S. vice president; that the democracy in question had just been called into question by the U.S. vice president, and not just Germany's democracy but Europe's as a whole; and that, if he had understood correctly, Vance was comparing the condition of Europe with what prevails in some authoritarian regimes. "This is not acceptable," Pistorius said. He said that in Germany's democracy every opinion has a voice and that parties that are partly extremist can campaign just as any other party can, and that this is democracy; that democracy does not mean a vociferous minority is automatically right or can decide what truth is; and that he explicitly opposed the impression that European democracies oppress and silence minorities, saying Europe defends democracy, freedom of opinion, the rule of law and the dignity of each and every person.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：2025年2月14日，美国副总统万斯在第61届慕尼黑安全会议上发表演讲（慕尼黑安全会议，CC BY 4.0）。 / Photo: U.S. Vice President J.D. Vance speaks at the 61st Munich Security Conference on February 14, 2025 (Munich Security Conference, CC BY 4.0).
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