白宫管理和预算办公室下令暂停联邦拨款与贷款发放：各机构须按行政令方向全面复查财政援助
2025年1月27日，美国白宫管理和预算办公室（OMB）向各行政部门与机构负责人发出第M-25-13号备忘录，要求在法律允许的范围内，暂时停止一切联邦财政援助的拨付与发放义务相关活动，以便各机构按总统特朗普上任首周签署的行政令方向，全面复查名下的拨款、贷款与其他援助项目。暂停定于1月28日下午5时生效。
备忘录由OMB代理主任 Matthew J. Vaeth 签发。备忘录指出，美国联邦政府在2024财年支出了超过3万亿美元的财政援助，包括各类拨款与贷款；纳税人的钱是宝贵的公共信托，本届政府的政策是确保联邦开支与总统的优先事项相一致。备忘录点名，被行政令牵涉的援助活动包括对外援助、非政府组织、多元公平包容（DEI）项目、性别意识形态议题以及绿色新政相关支出。
按备忘录要求，各机构须识别并审查全部联邦财政援助项目，确认其与总统的政策与要求一致；在审查期间暂停新拨款的承诺与发放、相关公告的评审等活动，并最迟于2025年2月10日向OMB提交所涉项目、计划与活动的详细信息。OMB可在个案基础上对有限情形给予例外。
备忘录同时列明豁免：医疗保险（Medicare）与社会保障（Social Security）福利不受暂停影响，直接提供给个人本人的援助亦不在暂停之列。OMB称，这次暂时暂停是为政府争取时间审查各机构项目、按法律与总统的优先事项确定资金的最佳用途。
这份备忘录覆盖的项目数量庞大，涉及各州与地方政府、大学、非营利机构与企业长期依赖的联邦资金，27日当晚即在全美引发广泛关注，各机构连夜梳理名下项目的受影响范围。
（来源：管理和预算办公室）
OMB Orders a Temporary Pause on Federal Grants and Loans as Agencies Review Financial Assistance Against Executive Orders
On January 27, 2025, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) sent memorandum M-25-13 to the heads of executive departments and agencies, requiring them, to the extent permissible under applicable law, to temporarily pause all activities related to the obligation or disbursement of federal financial assistance, so that agencies could review their grants, loans and other assistance programs against the executive orders President Donald Trump had signed in his first week in office. The pause was to take effect at 5 p.m. on January 28.
The memorandum was issued by OMB Acting Director Matthew J. Vaeth. It stated that the federal government spent more than $3 trillion in fiscal year 2024 on financial assistance such as grants and loans, that taxpayer money is a precious public trust, and that the administration's policy is to ensure federal spending aligns with the president's priorities. It named, among the activities implicated by the executive orders, financial assistance for foreign aid, nongovernmental organizations, diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) programs, woke gender ideology and the Green New Deal.
Under the memorandum, agencies were to identify and review all federal financial assistance programs for consistency with the president's policies and requirements; during the review they were to pause obligations and disbursements and related activities such as funding-announcement reviews, and to submit detailed information on the affected programs, projects and activities to OMB no later than February 10, 2025. OMB could grant exceptions in limited circumstances on a case-by-case basis.
The memorandum also specified exemptions: Medicare and Social Security benefits were not subject to the pause, nor was assistance provided directly to individuals. OMB said the temporary pause would provide the administration time to review agency programs and determine the best uses of the funding for those programs, consistent with the law and the president's priorities.
Because the memorandum reached a vast number of programs relied on by state and local governments, universities, nonprofits and businesses, it drew nationwide attention on the night of January 27, as agencies worked to map which of their programs fell within its scope.
(Source: Office of Management and Budget)
来源：管理和预算办公室
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的艾森豪威尔行政办公大楼，管理和预算办公室设于此楼。（Abovfold 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons） / Photo: The Eisenhower Executive Office Building in Washington, which houses the Office of Management and Budget. (Abovfold, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons)
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
