最高法院一致裁定 TikTok 剥离法合宪：1月19日大限生效、不剥离即下架
2025年1月17日，美国最高法院在华盛顿特区就 TikTok 公司诉司法部长加兰一案（案号24-656与24-657）作出全体一致的裁定，维持《保护美国人免受外国对手控制应用程序法》，驳回 TikTok 及其创作者提出的宪法第一修正案挑战。
按该法，自1月19日起，美国公司不得为 TikTok 提供分发、维护或更新服务，除非其美国业务与中国控制剥离。TikTok 的母公司是中国公司字节跳动（ByteDance）；该法经国会两党大比例通过、由总统拜登于2024年4月签署，给字节跳动270天完成合格剥离。
法院在未署名的全体一致意见中写道：「毫无疑问，对超过1.7亿美国人来说，TikTok 是一个独特而广阔的表达渠道、参与方式与社群来源。但国会已经认定，剥离对于回应其有充分依据的国家安全关切是必要的，这些关切涉及 TikTok 的数据收集做法及其与一个外国对手的关系。」
法院认定该法在表面上内容中立，适用中间审查标准，并认定政府提出的数据收集理由本身已足以支撑受挑战的条款，无需再就算法隐蔽操纵的第二项理由作出判断。大法官 Sotomayor 与大法官 Gorsuch 分别提交了协同意见。
本案按加速程序审理：最高法院1月10日听取口头辩论、一周后即裁定。哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院曾于2024年12月6日先行维持该法。按法定时间表，剥离大限为1月19日，若剥离正在进行，法律允许最长90天延期。
关联：联邦上诉法院维持 TikTok 剥离法：字节跳动须在1月19日前剥离\n\n（来源：美国最高法院）
Supreme Court Unanimously Upholds TikTok Divest-or-Ban Law: January 19 Deadline Stands
On January 17, 2025, the Supreme Court of the United States, in Washington, D.C., ruled unanimously in TikTok, Inc. v. Garland (Nos. 24-656 and 24-657), upholding the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act and rejecting the First Amendment challenge brought by TikTok and a group of its creators.
Under the Act, as of January 19 it became unlawful for companies in the United States to distribute, maintain or update TikTok unless its U.S. operation is severed from Chinese control. TikTok's parent is the Chinese company ByteDance. The Act passed Congress by wide bipartisan margins, was signed by President Joe Biden in April 2024, and gave ByteDance 270 days to complete a qualified divestiture.
In its unsigned per curiam opinion, the Court wrote: "There is no doubt that, for more than 170 million Americans, TikTok offers a distinctive and expansive outlet for expression, means of engagement, and source of community. But Congress has determined that divestiture is necessary to address its well-supported national security concerns regarding TikTok's data collection practices and relationship with a foreign adversary."
The Court treated the Act as content-neutral on its face, applied intermediate scrutiny, and held that the government's data-collection justification alone was sufficient to sustain the challenged provisions, without needing to rule on the second rationale concerning covert manipulation of the recommendation algorithm. Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Neil Gorsuch each filed concurring opinions.
The case was heard on an expedited schedule: the Court heard argument on January 10 and ruled a week later. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit had upheld the Act on December 6, 2024. Under the statutory timetable, the divestiture deadline was January 19, with an extension of up to 90 days available if a divestiture was in progress.
Related: Federal Appeals Court Upholds TikTok Divestiture Law\n\n(Source: Supreme Court of the United States)
来源：美国最高法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿特区的美国最高法院大楼正面，楣额刻有「法律之下人人平等」。（Claire Anderson 摄，CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons） / Photo: The front of the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington, D.C., inscribed "Equal Justice Under Law." (Photo by Claire Anderson, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons)
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
- 2024-12-06 18:55联邦上诉法院维持TikTok剥离法：字节跳动须在2025年1月19日前出售或面临全美禁用
- 2025-01-17 01:42最高法院一致裁定 TikTok 剥离法合宪：1月19日大限生效、不剥离即下架本篇
