拜登签署公告设立加州两处国家纪念地：查克瓦拉与萨蒂特拉高地共保护84.8万英亩
美国加利福尼亚州河滨县与因皮里尔县境内的沙漠地带，是新设立的查克瓦拉国家纪念地（Chuckwalla National Monument）所在地。2025年1月14日，拜登总统在白宫签署公告，正式设立查克瓦拉国家纪念地与萨蒂特拉高地国家纪念地（Sáttítla Highlands National Monument），两处合计保护84.8万英亩加州土地。
这两处纪念地原定于1月7日在东科切拉谷（Eastern Coachella Valley）举行的仪式上宣布签署，白宫同日发布了情况说明；但由于圣安娜强风来袭、洛杉矶地区山火险情加剧，仪式被迫取消，签署改期至1月14日在白宫举行。
查克瓦拉国家纪念地保护南加州超过62.4万英亩土地，位于约书亚树国家公园以南、地处莫哈韦沙漠与科罗拉多沙漠交汇处，景观包括山脉、峡谷、干谷、奇特岩层、棕榈绿洲和沙漠灌木林地，白宫情况说明特别提到梅卡山（Mecca Hills）的彩绘峡谷（Painted Canyon）。这里生活着50多种珍稀动植物，包括沙漠大角羊、阿加西沙漠陆龟和纪念地得名的查克瓦拉蜥蜴。该纪念地由内政部土地管理局管理，所保护的是卡惠拉（Cahuilla）、切梅惠维（Chemehuevi）、莫哈韦（Mojave）、克钱（Quechan）和塞拉诺（Serrano）等部族的祖居地与文化景观，境内有圣地、古道、岩画与地画等遗存；设立公告要求内政部长切实与相关部族接触，并寻求部族共同管护纪念地的机会。
查克瓦拉的设立完成了「莫阿布到莫哈韦保护走廊」（Moab to Mojave Conservation Corridor）的最后一环：这条走廊从犹他州西南部的熊耳与大阶梯-埃斯卡兰特国家纪念地起，经亚利桑那州与内华达州的纪念地，延伸到南加州沙漠，全长约600英里、总面积近1800万英亩，是美国本土最大的受保护土地走廊。
萨蒂特拉高地国家纪念地位于加州北部山区内陆，面积超过22.4万英亩，涵盖莫多克、沙斯塔-三一与克拉马斯三处国家森林的部分区域，由农业部林业局管理。其核心是梅迪辛湖火山（Medicine Lake Volcano），境内有火山渣锥、火山口和数百条熔岩管。这片土地是皮特河部落（Pit River Tribe）与莫多克人的祖居地与圣地，雨水经多孔火山岩渗入地下含水层，是北加州社区清洁水的重要来源。
白宫表示，两处纪念地仅划定联邦土地，不涉及州有或私有土地，公告不影响既存的有效权利。随着这两处纪念地的设立，拜登任内受保护的美国土地与水域总面积达到6.74亿英亩，为历任总统之最。
（来源：白宫）
Biden Signs Proclamations Creating Two California National Monuments: Chuckwalla and Sáttítla Highlands Protect 848,000 Acres
The desert country of Riverside and Imperial counties in California is home to the new Chuckwalla National Monument. On January 14, 2025, President Joe Biden signed proclamations at the White House formally establishing the Chuckwalla National Monument and the Sáttítla Highlands National Monument, together protecting 848,000 acres of California lands.
The two monuments had been set for announcement and signing at a January 7 ceremony in the Eastern Coachella Valley, and the White House issued its fact sheet that day. But the ceremony was cancelled as dangerous Santa Ana winds swept Southern California and wildfire conditions worsened around Los Angeles, and the signing was rescheduled to January 14 at the White House.
The Chuckwalla National Monument protects more than 624,000 acres in Southern California, located just south of Joshua Tree National Park at the confluence of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. Its landscape includes mountain ranges, canyons and washes, dramatic rock formations, palm oases and desert-wash woodlands, and the White House fact sheet highlights the Painted Canyon of the Mecca Hills. The monument is home to more than 50 rare species, including the desert bighorn sheep, Agassiz's desert tortoise and the chuckwalla lizard from which it takes its name. Managed by the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Land Management, the monument protects the ancestral homelands and cultural landscapes of the Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Mojave, Quechan and Serrano Nations, including sacred sites, ancient trails, petroglyphs and geoglyphs; the establishing proclamation directs meaningful engagement with Tribal Nations and the pursuit of tribal co-stewardship of the monument.
Establishing Chuckwalla is the capstone of the Moab to Mojave Conservation Corridor, which stretches from Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monuments in southwestern Utah, through monuments in Arizona and Nevada, to the deserts of Southern California — approximately 600 miles and nearly 18 million acres, the largest corridor of protected lands in the continental United States.
The Sáttítla Highlands National Monument, in northern California's mountainous interior, encompasses over 224,000 acres, including parts of the Modoc, Shasta-Trinity and Klamath National Forests, and will be managed by the U.S. Forest Service. At its core sits the Medicine Lake Volcano, and the landscape is dotted with cinder cones, volcanic craters and hundreds of lava tubes. The highlands are the ancestral homelands of, and sacred to, the Pit River Tribe and Modoc Peoples, and rain filtering through the porous volcanic rock recharges aquifers essential to clean water for Northern California communities.
The White House said both monuments reserve only federal lands, not state or private lands, and that the proclamations do not affect valid existing rights. With these designations, the total U.S. lands and waters protected under President Biden reached 674 million acres, more than under any previous president.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：查克瓦拉国家纪念地境内的梅卡山峡谷岩壁与沙漠冲积地，彩绘峡谷一带景观。（美国土地管理局 BLM California，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons） / Photo: Canyon walls and desert wash in the Mecca Hills, within the Chuckwalla National Monument near Painted Canyon. (Bureau of Land Management California, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons)
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
