特别检察官Jack Smith申请撤销对特朗普的两起联邦刑事案件
美国司法部特别检察官 Jack Smith 11月25日分别向位于华盛顿特区的联邦地区法院和联邦第十一巡回上诉法院提交申请，要求撤销针对当选总统特朗普的两起联邦刑事案件。Smith 在申请中援引司法部长期立场：美国宪法禁止对在任总统提出联邦起诉和刑事追诉；特朗普已赢得11月5日大选、将于2025年1月20日就职，两案必须在其就职前撤销。
华盛顿特区一案是2020年大选干预案（案号1:23-cr-00257-TSC）。Smith 依据《联邦刑事诉讼规则》第48(a)条，申请无偏见撤销（dismissal without prejudice）替代起诉书，辩方律师对申请不持异议。申请书称，特别检察官办公室已就这一前所未有的情形征询司法部法律顾问办公室（OLC）的意见，OLC关于宪法禁止起诉在任总统的既往意见对检察官有约束力、适用于本案。申请书同时写明，禁止起诉「不取决于所控罪行的严重程度、政府证据的强度或起诉本身的是非曲直，政府对本案的起诉立场完全不变」。主审法官 Tanya Chutkan 当天批准申请，无偏见撤销起诉书，并在裁定中指出在任总统的豁免是暂时的、离任后即告届满。
该案源于2023年8月1日大陪审团的起诉：特朗普被控串谋欺诈美国、串谋妨碍官方程序、妨碍及企图妨碍官方程序、串谋侵犯权利共四项重罪，涉及推翻2020年大选结果的指控与2021年1月6日国会山事件。案件因豁免权上诉等程序始终未进入审判。
同日，Smith 向第十一巡回上诉法院申请，仅就特朗普本人撤销机密文件案的上诉。该案中，佛罗里达州南区联邦法官 Aileen Cannon 已于2024年7月以特别检察官任命违宪为由撤销起诉；政府上诉后，Smith 申请撤回对特朗普的上诉，使 Cannon 的撤销裁定对特朗普维持效力。对共同被告 Waltine Nauta 与 Carlos De Oliveira 的上诉则继续进行。（来源：美国司法部）
Special Counsel Jack Smith Moves to Dismiss Both Federal Criminal Cases Against Trump
U.S. Department of Justice Special Counsel Jack Smith filed motions on November 25 in federal court in Washington, D.C., and in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, asking to dismiss both federal criminal cases against President-elect Donald Trump. Smith cited the Justice Department's longstanding position that the U.S. Constitution prohibits the federal indictment and prosecution of a sitting president: Trump had won the November 5 election and would be inaugurated on January 20, 2025, so both prosecutions had to be dismissed before he took office.
The Washington case was the 2020 election interference prosecution (No. 1:23-cr-00257-TSC). Under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 48(a), Smith moved to dismiss the superseding indictment without prejudice, and defense counsel did not object. The filing said the Special Counsel's Office had consulted the Department's Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), whose interpretation of such constitutional questions binds Department prosecutors, and that OLC's prior opinions applied to this situation. The prohibition, Smith wrote, "does not turn on the gravity of the crimes charged, the strength of the government's proof, or the merits of the prosecution, which the government stands fully behind." Judge Tanya Chutkan granted the motion the same day, dismissing the indictment without prejudice and noting that the immunity afforded a sitting president is temporary and expires when he leaves office.
The case began with a grand jury indictment on August 1, 2023, charging Trump with four felonies -- conspiracy to defraud the United States, conspiracy to obstruct an official proceeding, obstruction of and attempt to obstruct an official proceeding, and conspiracy against rights -- over efforts to overturn the 2020 election results culminating in the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack. The case never reached trial amid immunity appeals.
The same day, Smith moved in the Eleventh Circuit to dismiss the government's appeal as to Trump alone in the classified documents case. In that case, U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon in the Southern District of Florida had dismissed the indictment in July 2024, holding Smith's appointment unconstitutional; dropping the appeal as to Trump left that dismissal in place as to him. The appeal continued against co-defendants Waltine Nauta and Carlos De Oliveira. (Source: U.S. Department of Justice)
来源：美国司法部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：特别检察官 Jack Smith 官方照片（美国司法部），公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons；原图为司法部官方影像，宽度 579 像素为源文件原生尺寸。 / Photo: Official photo of Special Counsel Jack Smith (U.S. Department of Justice), public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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