加州36号提案以68.42%赞成票通过：部分毒品与盗窃罪刑罚加重
位于美国加利福尼亚州的选民在11月5日大选中通过了36号提案。这项公民倡议法规以压倒性票数过关，加重了部分毒品与盗窃犯罪的刑罚，部分推翻了2014年通过的47号提案的减刑安排。
加州州务卿办公室的认证结果显示，36号提案获得赞成票10,307,296张、占68.42%，反对票4,756,612张、占31.58%。州务卿于2024年12月13日发布全州选票措施结果的官方宣告，确认该提案通过，并于2024年12月生效。
按州务卿办公室公布的官方标题与摘要，36号提案允许对持有某些毒品（包括芬太尼）以及盗窃金额在950美元以下的行为提起重罪指控，前提是被告此前已有两次毒品或盗窃相关定罪；目前这类行为只能按轻罪起诉。被告若就毒品持有重罪认罪并完成治疗，可撤销指控。提案同时加重了其他特定毒品与盗窃犯罪的刑期。
州务卿办公室在摘要中估计，提案实施后，州级刑事司法成本每年可能增加数千万至一亿多美元，地方刑事司法成本每年可能增加数千万美元。（来源：加州州务卿办公室）
California Proposition 36 Passes With 68.42 Percent Yes Vote, Raising Penalties for Certain Drug and Theft Crimes
Voters in the state of California approved Proposition 36 in the November 5 general election. The citizen-initiated statute passed by a wide margin, increasing penalties for certain drug and theft crimes and partly rolling back the sentencing changes of Proposition 47, approved in 2014.
Certified results from the California Secretary of State show Proposition 36 receiving 10,307,296 yes votes, or 68.42 percent, against 4,756,612 no votes, or 31.58 percent. The Secretary of State issued the official declaration of the vote for state ballot measures on December 13, 2024, and the measure took effect in December 2024.
Under the official ballot title and summary published by the Secretary of State, Proposition 36 allows felony charges for possessing certain drugs, including fentanyl, and for thefts under $950, both previously chargeable only as misdemeanors, when the defendant has two prior drug or theft convictions. Defendants who plead guilty to felony drug possession and complete treatment can have the charges dismissed. The measure also increases sentences for other specified drug and theft crimes.
The Secretary of State's summary estimated that state criminal justice costs would likely rise by amounts ranging from several tens of millions of dollars to the low hundreds of millions annually, with local criminal justice costs likely in the tens of millions annually. (Source: California Secretary of State)
来源：加州州务卿办公室
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于 Sacramento 的加州州议会大厦正面。经 Wikimedia Commons，CC BY 2.0。 / Photo: Front of the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0.
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