超导行波参量放大器隔离器：增益最高20分贝、反向隔离最高30分贝、带宽逾500兆赫
《自然-电子学》2025年11月14日刊载的研究报道了超导行波参量放大器的新进展，其中基于约瑟夫森结的行波参量放大器隔离器可在单一器件中同时实现放大与隔离。
该器件可提供最高20分贝的增益与最高30分贝的反向隔离，静态3分贝带宽大于500兆赫，并保持接近量子极限的附加噪声水平。
研究者表示，这类双模器件有望省去超导量子测量系统中单独的隔离器，降低硬件开销，并可与超导量子比特集成在同一芯片上。
Superconducting Travelling-Wave Amplifier Isolator: Up to 20 dB Gain, 30 dB Isolation, Over 500 MHz Bandwidth
Research published in Nature Electronics on 14 November 2025 reports a Josephson-junction-based travelling-wave parametric amplifier isolator that combines amplification and isolation in a single device.
The device can provide gain of up to 20 dB and reverse isolation of up to 30 dB over a static 3-dB bandwidth greater than 500 MHz, while maintaining near-quantum-limited added noise.
The researchers said such devices could potentially eliminate the need for separate isolators in quantum measurement systems, reduce hardware overhead in superconducting quantum computers, and be integrated on chip with superconducting qubits.
来源：《自然-电子学》
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：约瑟夫森行波参量放大器（J-TWPA）器件图。照片：OJB Quantum，CC BY 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons / Josephson travelling-wave parametric amplifier. Photo: OJB Quantum, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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