瑞士中学6周研究：87例感染显示共用教室传播风险比近距离接触更高、风险比3.17对1.16
《自然-通讯》发表的一项瑞士中学纵向研究显示，呼吸道病毒在学校内的传播更多由长时间共处通风不良的教室驱动，而非短暂的近距离接触。研究为期6周，对象为67名14至15岁学生，研究时段为2023/24年冬季。
研究人员在唾液样本中检出87例感染，并用可穿戴传感器记录近距离接触、用二氧化碳监测仪记录空气质量。学生平均每天近距离接触21.2分钟、在共用教室停留5.3小时，其中空气质量不达标的时间为1.9小时。
配对生存模型显示，共用教室时间对应的传播风险比为3.17（95%置信区间1.96至5.17），空气质量不达标的风险比为1.90（1.23至2.94），而近距离接触的风险比为1.16（1.01至1.33）。研究据此指出，长时间处于有多个潜在传染源的共用空间，是校内传播的主要驱动因素。
Swiss School Study of 87 Infections: Shared Classroom Risk Ratio 3.17 vs 1.16 for Close Proximity
A six-week longitudinal study in a Swiss secondary school published in Nature Communications found that respiratory virus transmission was driven more by prolonged exposure in shared, poorly ventilated classrooms than by close contact alone. The study followed 67 students aged 14 to 15 during winter 2023/24.
Researchers detected 87 infections in saliva samples, measured time in close proximity within 1.5 metres using wearable sensors, and monitored air quality via CO2 sensors. Students spent 21.2 minutes per day in close proximity and 5.3 hours in shared classrooms, during which air quality was suboptimal for 1.9 hours.
Using pairwise survival models, time in shared classrooms predicted within-class transmission with a rate ratio of 3.17 (95% CI 1.96 to 5.17), suboptimal air quality with a rate ratio of 1.90 (1.23 to 2.94), while close proximity was modestly associated at 1.16 per doubling of daily time (1.01 to 1.33).
来源：《自然-通讯》
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：一间瑞士学校的教室。照片：Marketing EHL Hotelfachschule Passugg，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons / A classroom in Switzerland. Photo: Marketing EHL Hotelfachschule Passugg, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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