COP31开幕在即，卫星揭示土耳其垃圾填埋场甲烷排放问题
联合国气候大会 COP31 将于 11 月 9 日至 20 日在土耳其安塔利亚举行，东道国把削减甲烷列为本届大会的优先事项。但卫星观测揭示，土耳其的垃圾填埋场正排出大量甲烷—这个国家已是全球固体废弃物甲烷排放第五大国，仅次于中国、美国、俄罗斯与巴西。
美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员分析了非营利组织 Carbon Mapper 的公开卫星数据，数据来自 Tanager-1 卫星，覆盖 2025 年 1 月至 2026 年 5 月。分析在土耳其排放最高的 10 处垃圾场发现了 70 个甲烷羽流，探测到的平均排放速率从每小时 841 公斤到 7.4 吨不等。其中，伊斯坦布尔以西塞门垃圾填埋场的平均探测速率约为每小时 7.4 吨，略低于 2025 年全球榜单上排放最高的垃圾填埋场。
土耳其环境部回应称，卫星数据并非连续测量，不能用来衡量塞门垃圾填埋场的年排放量。伊斯坦布尔市政环卫机构 ISTAC 的官员艾森·埃尔丁奇勒则表示，该填埋场的排放通常为每小时 4 至 6 吨，某一天每小时 12 吨的读数拉高了平均值。
世界银行基于欧盟委员会 EDGAR 排放数据库的数据显示，截至 2024 年的十年间，土耳其垃圾部门的甲烷排放上升近 25%，而全球同期升幅为 6.5%；自 2020 年以来，土耳其垃圾甲烷排放一直维持在每年约 2100 万吨二氧化碳当量。土耳其尚未加入《全球甲烷承诺》。
Ahead of COP31, Satellites Reveal Methane Pouring From Turkey's Landfills
Turkey hosts the COP31 climate summit in Antalya from November 9 to 20 and has made methane reduction a priority for the gathering. But satellite observations reveal that the country's landfills are releasing large quantities of methane — Turkey is the world's fifth-biggest emitter of methane from solid waste, behind China, the United States, Russia and Brazil, according to data from non-profit emissions tracker Climate TRACE.
Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) analysed public data from the Carbon Mapper non-profit, collected by the Tanager-1 satellite between January 2025 and the end of May 2026. The analysis identified 70 plumes from Turkey's 10 highest-emitting waste sites, where average detected rates ranged from 841 kilograms to 7.4 metric tons an hour. The landfill west of Istanbul near Seymen showed an average detected rate of about 7.4 tons an hour — just below the highest-emitting landfill on a global list from 2025.
Turkey's Environment Ministry said in response that the data were not from continuous measurements and could not be used to measure annual emissions at the Seymen landfill. ISTAC official Aysen Erdincler disputed whether the satellite observations were representative, saying emissions typically ranged between 4 and 6 tons per hour, while a satellite reading of 12 tons per hour on one day had raised the average.
Methane emissions from waste in Turkey rose nearly 25 percent in the decade to 2024, compared with a global rise of 6.5 percent over the same period, according to World Bank data based on the European Commission's EDGAR emissions database. Turkey's waste emissions have remained around 21 million tons of CO2 equivalent annually since 2020. Turkey is not listed among the participants in the Global Methane Pledge.
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：甲烷气体火炬燃烧。A methane gas flare. (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0)
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