历史上的今天：11月13日，全球重要历史事件
本栏目收录 11 月 13 日这一天发生的全球重要历史事件，逐条回权威来源核实，只述事实，每条标明所属国家。
1002 年，英格兰。英格兰国王埃塞尔雷德二世下令杀害英格兰境内的丹麦定居者，史称圣布里斯日大屠杀。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
1553 年，英格兰。曾为英格兰女王九天的简·格雷夫人以叛国罪受审，她认罪并被判处死刑，于 1554 年被处决。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
1850 年，英国。苏格兰作家罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森出生于爱丁堡，其代表作包括《金银岛》与《化身博士》。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
1902 年，英国。约瑟夫·康拉德的小说《黑暗的心》首次以单行本形式出版。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
1916 年，法国。第一次世界大战中，协约国在索姆河一线对德军阵地历时四个月的攻势于 11 月 13 日前后结束。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
1927 年，美国。霍兰隧道通车，为首条连接新泽西州与纽约市的哈得孙河车辆隧道。来源为通行历史记载与本日页相关条目。
1940 年，美国。迪士尼动画电影《幻想曲》在纽约百老汇剧院举行首场公映。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
1985 年，哥伦比亚。内瓦多·德·鲁伊斯火山两度喷发，泥流掩埋拉古尼利亚河畔的阿尔梅罗镇，估计约 25000 人死亡。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
2001 年，阿富汗。反塔利班的北方联盟军队攻入首都喀布尔。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
2015 年，法国。恐怖分子在巴黎及周边发动协同袭击，死伤最重的一处在巴塔克兰剧院与音乐厅，全案至少 130 人死亡、350 多人受伤。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页头条事件。
2017 年，美国。美泰公司推出首款戴头巾的芭比娃娃，以奥运击剑运动员伊布蒂哈吉·穆罕默德为原型。来源为《大英百科全书》11月13日本日页。
作者：Aude；授权：CC BY-SA 2.5（按 Wikimedia Commons 文件页抄录）。图中是霍兰隧道的通行画面，该隧道 1927 年 11 月 13 日通车，为本栏目相关地点图。
On This Day in History: November 13, Major World Events
This column records major world events that took place on November 13, each checked against authoritative sources, stated as facts only, with the country named for each entry.
1002, England. King Ethelred II ordered the killing of Danish settlers in England, in what became known as the St. Brice's Day massacre. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
1553, England. Lady Jane Grey, who had been queen of England for nine days at age 15, was tried for high treason; she pleaded guilty, was sentenced to death, and was executed in 1554. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
1850, United Kingdom. Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson was born in Edinburgh; his best-known works include Treasure Island and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
1902, United Kingdom. Joseph Conrad's novella Heart of Darkness was first published in book form. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
1916, France. During World War I, the costly four-month Allied offensive against German positions along the Somme River ended around November 13. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
1927, United States. The Holland Tunnel opened to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City. Source: standard historical records.
1940, United States. Walt Disney's animated musical film Fantasia was first released at New York's Broadway Theatre, on the first night of a roadshow. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
1985, Colombia. Mount Ruiz in the Andes erupted twice, burying the town of Armero on the Lagunilla River and killing an estimated 25,000 people. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
2001, Afghanistan. The army of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance captured the capital city of Kabul. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
2015, France. Terrorists staged coordinated attacks in Paris and its environs, the deadliest occurring at the Bataclan theatre and concert hall; in all, at least 130 people were killed and more than 350 were wounded. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13, featured event.
2017, United States. Mattel introduced the first official hijab-wearing Barbie doll, modeled after Olympic fencer Ibtihaj Muhammad. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, On This Day page for November 13.
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：霍兰隧道的通行画面，该隧道 1927 年 11 月 13 日通车，为本栏目相关地点图。作者：Aude；授权：CC BY-SA 2.5，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: file photo. Credit: 作者：Aude；授权：CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons.
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