西弗吉尼亚州最高法院4比1裁定众议院2755号法案违宪 州教育委员会保留独立立法权
西弗吉尼亚州最高上诉法院13日以4比1裁定，2025年通过的众议院2755号法案违宪，州教育委员会保留制定教育规则的独立权力，无需先经州议会审查批准。法院批准了州教育委员会和州教育总监米歇尔·布拉特提出的强制令申请，并指示州务卿办公室接受并公布此前被拒绝备案的一项校车运输政策。众议院2755号法案要求，州教育委员会制定的所有规则须先送交立法教育问责监督委员会，再由州议会全体审议，议会可以批准、修改或否决。该法案于2025年7月11日生效，未经州长签署。三天后，州教育委员会表决通过了涉及校巴设计与设备要求的4334号政策，但州务卿办公室以该政策未遵守2755号法案为由拒绝公布。多数意见指出，法院在1988年州教育委员会诉赫克勒案中已就同一问题作出裁决，认定要求州教育委员会把规则提交议会审查的法律干涉了委员会的立法权、因而违宪，而2025年法案的细微差别不足以推翻这一先例。查尔斯·特朗普大法官持不同意见。州教育委员会对裁决表示欢迎，称法院维护了选民意愿和州宪法。
West Virginia Supreme Court Rules House Bill 2755 Unconstitutional in 4-1 Decision; State Board of Education Keeps Independent Rulemaking Power
The West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals ruled 4-1 on the 13th that House Bill 2755, passed in 2025, is unconstitutional, and that the State Board of Education retains independent authority to make education rules without first obtaining review and approval from the state Legislature. The court granted a writ of mandamus sought by the State Board of Education and State Superintendent of Schools Michele Blatt and directed the Secretary of State's Office to accept and publish a school bus transportation policy that had previously been refused for filing. House Bill 2755 required that all rules made by the State Board of Education first be sent to the Legislative Oversight Commission on Education Accountability and then considered by the full Legislature, which could approve, amend or reject them. The bill took effect on July 11, 2025, without the governor's signature. Three days later, the State Board of Education voted to adopt Policy 4334, covering school bus design and equipment requirements, but the Secretary of State's Office refused to publish it on the grounds that the policy did not comply with House Bill 2755. The majority opinion noted that the court had already decided the same question in the 1988 case State Board of Education v. Heckler, holding that a law requiring the State Board of Education to submit its rules for legislative review interfered with the board's legislative power and was therefore unconstitutional, and that the minor differences in the 2025 bill were not enough to overturn that precedent. Justice Charles Trump dissented. The State Board of Education welcomed the ruling, saying the court upheld the will of the voters and the state constitution.
来源：西弗吉尼亚州最高上诉法院
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图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 4.0，图为西弗吉尼亚州议会大厦圆顶（资料图）
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