SpaceX 星舰第15次试飞升空：26颗星链V3卫星全部入轨，助推器放弃塔捕溅落墨西哥湾

SpaceX 的星舰（Starship）第15次试飞于美东时间11月13日17时47分（美西14时47分）从德克萨斯州卡梅伦县 Starbase 的二号轨道发射台升空。飞船 Ship 42 顺利进入轨道，并把所载26颗星链（Starlink）V3卫星全部部署到位；超重型助推器 Booster 22 则在返回途中触发自动中止判据，放弃原定的发射塔捕获，改在墨西哥湾受控溅落。

SpaceX 在其官方 X 账号发文说，超重型助推器启动返回助推点火后，自动中止判据将其导向墨西哥湾、完成一次受控软溅落，星舰飞船则继续执行轨道任务。按原计划，这是 V3 版超重型助推器首次尝试返回发射场、由发射塔的机械臂捕获；此前已有三枚 V1 版助推器在试飞中被成功捕获，其中两枚还实现过再次飞行。SpaceX 尚未公布触发这次中止的具体原因。

Ship 42 入轨后打开载荷舱，自升空约36分钟起陆续释放卫星。SpaceX 随后更新称，26颗星链 V3 卫星已经全部部署，并全部与地面取得联系。按 SpaceX 任务页的说法，每颗星链 V3 卫星可为星链星座增加1太比特（Tbps）容量，26颗合计约相当于用猎鹰9号发射10次星链 V2 Mini 卫星的量；其中3颗卫星装有一组相机，用于在部署后扫描飞船的隔热瓦、传回影像供工程团队评估。

接下来是全程最受关注的一步。Ship 42 将在约275公里高的轨道上飞行22个多小时、绕地球约14圈。SpaceX 在直播中表示，飞船已经获准通过夏威夷附近海域上空的早期返回检查点。按计划，飞船将于美西时间11月14日约13时17分返回 Starbase，首次尝试由发射塔机械臂捕获飞船本体。SpaceX 在任务页中强调，只有在飞行控制团队确认再入机动、末段着陆点火与塔台进近所需的关键系统健康时，才会执行返场捕获；若条件不许可，飞船将改为在海上溅落。

这是星舰自2023年以来的第15次试飞，也是星舰第二次把可投入运营的星链卫星送入轨道，今年9月的第14次试飞是第一次。若飞船明日成功返场并被捕获，将是轨道级运载系统首次实现完整回收；SpaceX 称，这将是星舰迈向可靠、快速重复使用的一个突破时刻。本站将于飞船返场时发跟进稿。

关联：马斯克：星舰第15次试飞约在感恩节前 将首次尝试用发射塔回收飞船

关联：星舰第15次飞行规划不早于10月19日 SpaceX将首度尝试用发射塔捕获飞船本体

（来源：SpaceX）

SpaceX Launches Starship Flight 15: All 26 Starlink V3 Satellites Deployed; Booster Catch Waved Off for Gulf Splashdown

SpaceX's Starship lifted off on its 15th flight test at 5:47 p.m. ET (2:47 p.m. PT) on November 13 from Orbital Launch Pad 2 at Starbase in Cameron County, Texas. The upper stage, Ship 42, reached orbit and deployed all 26 Starlink V3 satellites it was carrying, while the Super Heavy booster, Booster 22, was diverted by automated abort criteria on its way back, giving up the planned launch-tower catch for a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico.

In a post on its official X account, SpaceX said the Super Heavy booster had begun its boostback burn before automated abort criteria diverted it to a controlled soft splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, while Starship continued its orbital mission. The flight was to have been the first return-and-catch attempt for a Version 3 Super Heavy booster; three Version 1 boosters were caught on earlier test flights, two of which went on to fly again. SpaceX has not yet said what specifically triggered the abort.

After reaching orbit, Ship 42 opened its payload bay and began releasing the satellites about 36 minutes into the flight. SpaceX later updated that all 26 Starlink V3 satellites had been deployed and had all made contact with the ground. According to SpaceX's mission page, each Starlink V3 satellite adds 1 terabit per second of capacity to the constellation, with all 26 together equal to roughly 10 Falcon 9 launches of Starlink V2 Mini satellites; three of the satellites carry a suite of cameras to scan the ship's heatshield after deployment and send imagery back to operators.

The most closely watched step is still to come. Ship 42 will spend more than 22 hours in orbit at an altitude of about 275 kilometers, completing roughly 14 orbits of Earth. SpaceX said during its broadcast that the ship has been given a go to proceed past the early return checkpoint off the coast of Hawaii. Under the plan, the ship will return to Starbase at about 1:17 p.m. PT on November 14 for the first attempt to catch the Starship upper stage itself with the launch tower's arms. SpaceX stresses on its mission page that the ship will execute a return to the launch site only if the flight control team has ensured the systems critical for reentry and the final landing burn are healthy; otherwise it will splash down at sea.

The flight is Starship's 15th test flight since 2023 and the second time Starship has carried operational Starlink satellites to orbit, after Flight 14 in September. If the ship is caught successfully tomorrow, it will mark the first full recovery of an orbital launch system, which SpaceX calls a breakthrough moment in making Starship a reliable, rapidly reusable rocket. GSM will publish a follow-up when the ship returns.

Related: Musk: Starship Flight 15 Is Targeted a Little Before Thanksgiving and Will Try to Catch the Ship

Related: Starship Flight 15 Planned No Earlier Than Oct. 19, With First Attempt to Catch the Ship at the Launch Tower

(Source: SpaceX)

来源：SpaceX

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：星舰点火升空（资料图，摄于2024年10月13日第五次综合试飞）。Steve Jurvetson 摄，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / File photo: A Starship vehicle ignites and lifts off (fifth integrated flight test, October 13, 2024). Photo by Steve Jurvetson, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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