最高法院同意复审特朗普边境庇护禁令 将裁定总统公告是否合法
美国最高法院11月13日在华盛顿同意复审特朗普总统的边境庇护禁令，案卷号为26-239，案名是 Mullin v. RAICES。最高法院在案卷记录中写明，这次复审只限于联邦政府申请书提出的前两个问题，第三个问题不在复审范围内。
第一个问题是，特朗普总统2025年1月20日就职当天签署的第10888号总统公告及其实施细则是否合法。这份公告的题目是「保证各州免受入侵」，它暂停部分外国人从南部边境入境，并堵住他们入境后申请庇护、暂缓遣返等留在美国的法定通道。
第二个问题是，联邦移民法第1252(f)(1)条是否禁止下级法院给出覆盖一整个群体类别的救济。政府申请书提出的第三个问题，是本案的群体定义是否符合宪法第三条与《联邦民事诉讼规则》第23条，最高法院这次没有接下这个问题。
提出复审申请的是国土安全部部长 Markwayne Mullin 等联邦官员。案件的另一方是为边境移民提供法律服务的机构 Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services（RAICES）等组织，以及受公告影响的人组成的群体，美国公民自由联盟等机构的律师参与代理。
这起案件2025年2月起诉到位于华盛顿的联邦地区法院。地区法院2025年7月裁定公告违法并将其撤销。联邦上诉法院哥伦比亚特区巡回法庭2026年4月维持这一判决，认为公告及其实施细则用移民法之外的程序取代了国会定下的遣返框架，挡住了当事人申请庇护的通道。联邦政府2026年8月24日向最高法院提出复审申请，上诉法院的全庭复审请求此前已在2026年7月被驳回。诉讼进行期间，这项庇护限制仍然有效。
RAICES 11月13日发表声明说，口头辩论预计在2027年春季举行。最高法院尚未公布辩论日期，裁决预计在2027年6月本庭期结束前作出。这项裁决将决定总统能否凭一份公告整体关上边境庇护申请的大门。
（来源：美国最高法院）
Supreme Court Agrees to Review Trump's Border Asylum Ban in Mullin v. RAICES
The Supreme Court of the United States on Nov. 13 in Washington agreed to review President Donald Trump's border asylum ban, in case No. 26-239, Mullin v. RAICES. The Court's docket entry states that review is limited to the first two questions presented by the federal government's petition, and does not extend to the third question.
The first question is whether Presidential Proclamation No. 10888, signed by President Trump on Jan. 20, 2025, the day he returned to office, and its implementing guidance are lawful. Titled "Guaranteeing the States Protection Against Invasion," the proclamation suspended the entry of certain aliens across the southern border and precluded their access to statutory provisions that would enable their continued presence in the country, including asylum.
The second question is whether 8 U.S.C. 1252(f)(1) bars the classwide relief entered by the district court. The government's third question, whether the class definition comports with Article III and Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, was not taken up.
The petition was filed by Secretary of Homeland Security Markwayne Mullin and other federal officials. On the other side are the Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services (RAICES) and other legal-service organizations, together with a class of people affected by the proclamation, represented in part by lawyers from the American Civil Liberties Union and allied groups.
The case was filed in February 2025 in the U.S. District Court in Washington. The district court in July 2025 held the proclamation unlawful and vacated it. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit upheld that judgment in April 2026, holding that the proclamation and its guidance supplanted the removal framework enacted by Congress with procedures outside the immigration statute and blocked access to asylum. The government filed its petition for certiorari on Aug. 24, 2026, after the appeals court denied rehearing en banc in July 2026. The asylum restrictions have remained in effect while the litigation continues.
RAICES said in a statement on Nov. 13 that oral argument is expected in spring 2027. The Supreme Court has not yet announced an argument date, and a decision is expected before the end of the Court's term in June 2027. The ruling will decide whether a president may use a single proclamation to close off asylum applications at the border as a whole.
(Source: Supreme Court of the United States)
来源：美国最高法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国最高法院大楼（GSM 联邦核心图库固定图）。 / Photo: The Supreme Court building in Washington (GSM federal core asset library).
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