Washita战场国家历史遗址设立30周年：俄克拉荷马州11月12日举行纪念仪式
位于美国俄克拉荷马州 Roger Mills 县、Cheyenne 镇附近的 Washita 战场国家历史遗址，11月12日迎来设立30周年。遗址运营方当天上午11点至下午1点在访客中心举行30周年纪念开幕仪式，活动免费，主题是回顾三十年来各方协力保存这段历史、让相关故事与声音继续被讲述的工作。
这处遗址保存的是1868年11月27日清晨发生的一场袭击的现场：George Armstrong Custer 中校率领美国陆军第7骑兵团，突袭了和平酋长 Black Kettle（黑水壶）率领的南夏延人村庄。Black Kettle 与妻子 Medicine Woman Later 在渡过 Washita 河时身亡；据国家公园管理局的史述，交火停止时约有30至60名夏延人与20名骑兵死于雪泥之中，村庄的帐篷与过冬物资随后被焚毁，53名妇女儿童被带走。
Black Kettle 在1864年的 Sand Creek 惨案中曾幸存，并长期寻求与白人和解。国家公园管理局指出，国会于1996年11月12日把这处战场列为国家公园系统单位，正是为了纪念这场袭击在美国政府印第安政策中的位置，以及夏延人维护传统家园的抗争。
30周年活动还包括原住民艺术家展示：11月12日下午1点至4点半先行开幕，11月13日至15日每天上午8点至下午4点半在访客中心继续举行，原住民艺术家现场展示并出售作品。另据夏延与阿拉帕霍部落立法机构通过的决议，11月27日袭击158周年当天，部落将在遗址一带举行纪念步行，缅怀当年的酋长、战士、妇女与儿童。
Washita Battlefield National Historic Site Marks 30 Years With a November 12 Commemoration in Oklahoma
Washita Battlefield National Historic Site, near the town of Cheyenne in Roger Mills County, Oklahoma, marked the 30th anniversary of its establishment on November 12. The site held a free 30th anniversary opening ceremony at its visitor center from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., highlighting three decades of collaborative work to preserve the stories, histories and voices connected to the site.
The site preserves the location of a dawn attack on November 27, 1868, when Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer led the 7th U.S. Cavalry against the Southern Cheyenne village of Peace Chief Black Kettle. Black Kettle and his wife, Medicine Woman Later, were killed while trying to cross the Washita River; according to the National Park Service's account, when the firing ceased about two hours later, approximately 30 to 60 Cheyenne and 20 cavalrymen lay dead, the village's lodges and winter supplies were burned, and 53 women and children were taken captive.
Black Kettle had survived the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864 and had long pursued peace with white settlers. The National Park Service notes that Congress established the site as a unit of the National Park System on November 12, 1996, recognizing the attack as a nationally significant element of U.S. government Indian policy and of the Cheyenne struggle to maintain control of their traditional homelands.
Anniversary programming also includes a Native artist showcase at the visitor center, opening November 12 from 1 to 4:30 p.m. and continuing November 13-15 from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., with Native artists displaying and selling their work on site. Under a resolution adopted by the legislature of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, a remembrance walk is also planned for November 27, the 158th anniversary of the attack, to honor the chiefs, warriors, women and children who were there.
来源：美国国家公园管理局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：Washita 战场国家历史遗址访客中心。Westmaroon 摄，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 4.0。 / Photo: The visitor center at Washita Battlefield National Historic Site. By Westmaroon, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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