巴西政府推出新财政方案，明年可改善公共财政最多600亿雷亚尔，实际支出增长上限压到2%
巴西政府2026年11月11日提出一套压缩开支的新办法。规划部长 Bruno Moretti 在国会听证会上说，这套方案预计明年可改善公共财政500亿至600亿雷亚尔（约合108亿美元），往后年份的节省还会更大。
方案的一条核心措施是预留追加冻结预算的通道，需要时可把实际支出增长限制在2%，低于现行财政框架2.5%的上限。Moretti 说，方案还给政府添了压缩开支、审查税收优惠的工具。听证会后，执政党工人党资深议员 Jaques Wagner 在参议院正式提交了这项提案。
Moretti 表示，政府完全有把握实现明年国内生产总值0.1%的实际基本盈余，这一目标已写进8月提交国会、尚待批准的2027年预算提案。
这套方案是卢拉政府在新一任期开局阶段交出的财政答卷：先把支出规则收紧、把盈余目标钉住，再谈其他议程。方案能否过关，要看国会接下来的审议。
（来源：巴西规划与预算部）
Brazil Unveils Fiscal Package Worth Up to 60 Billion Reais Next Year, Capping Real Spending Growth at 2 Percent
Brazil's government proposed new ways to curb spending on November 11, 2026. Planning Minister Bruno Moretti told a congressional hearing the package was expected to improve the public finances by 50 billion to 60 billion reais (about $10.8 billion) next year, with larger savings in subsequent years.
One core measure would pave the way for additional budget freezes if needed, limiting real spending growth to 2 percent, below the 2.5 percent cap set under the current fiscal framework. Moretti said the measures would give the government more tools to curb spending and review tax expenditures. Shortly after he spoke, Jaques Wagner, a prominent member of President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's ruling Workers' Party, formally filed the proposal in the Senate.
Moretti said the government was absolutely certain it would achieve an effective primary surplus of 0.1 percent of GDP next year, as incorporated in the 2027 budget proposal submitted to Congress in August, which is still awaiting approval.
The package is the Lula government's opening fiscal answer of the new term: tighten the spending rules and pin the surplus target first. Whether it passes now rests with Congress.
(Source: Ministry of Planning and Budget of Brazil)
来源：巴西规划与预算部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于巴西利亚的巴西总统府高原宫（Palácio do Planalto）。照片：Leandro Neumann Ciuffo，CC BY 2.0，经维基共享资源。 / Photo: The Palacio do Planalto, seat of the Presidency of Brazil, in Brasilia. Photo: Leandro Neumann Ciuffo, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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