朝鲜公开修订后宪法全文：韩国被写入领土条款、统一表述删除
朝鲜11月11日在对外宣传网站「我的国家」（Naenara）公开修订后的社会主义宪法全文，这是该文本自2024年3月从网站下线以来首次重新公开。韩国《中央日报》等媒体当天报道了公开的文本内容。
修订在今年3月23日举行的第15届最高人民会议第一次会议上获得通过。新宪法第2条首次写入领土条款，称朝鲜领土包括北与中国、俄罗斯接壤、南与大韩民国接壤的陆地，以及据此划定的领海与领空，但没有写明与韩国之间的具体边界。
旧宪法中与祖国统一有关的表述已被删除。不过，公开文本没有写入把韩国称为「第一敌对国家」或「不变的主敌」的措辞。文本同时明确金正恩以国务委员会委员长身份担任国家元首，并加强其对核武力的指挥权，包括可以把核武器的使用权限授予相关国家机构。
韩国统一部今年5月曾取得并公开一份修订草案，路透社当时报道草案已把韩国界定为 separate state 并删除统一表述；此次公开的全文与那份草案大体一致。金正恩在2023年底提出朝韩关系是「两个敌对国家」之间的关系，此后朝鲜在2024年3月把宪法全文从网站撤下。
（来源：韩国中央日报）
North Korea Publishes Revised Constitution Defining South Korea as a Separate Neighbouring State
North Korea on November 11 published the full text of its revised socialist constitution on the state-run Naenara website, the first time the document has been publicly accessible since it was taken offline in March 2024, South Korea's Korea JoongAng Daily and other outlets reported.
The amendments were adopted on March 23 at the first session of the 15th Supreme People's Assembly. A new territorial clause in Article 2 defines North Korea's territory as land bordering China and Russia to the north and the Republic of Korea to the south, together with the territorial waters and airspace based on that land. The clause does not specify the exact boundary with South Korea.
Provisions on national reunification that appeared in the previous constitution have been removed. The published text does not, however, designate South Korea as the "No. 1 hostile state" or an "invariable principal enemy." The revision also confirms Kim Jong Un as head of state in his capacity as chairman of the State Affairs Commission and expands his authority over the nuclear forces, including the power to delegate the authority to use nuclear weapons to a relevant state agency.
The published text largely matches a draft that South Korea's Ministry of Unification obtained and released in May, which Reuters reported at the time as defining South Korea as a separate state and dropping references to reunification. Kim called in late 2023 for inter-Korean relations to be treated as relations between two hostile states, and Pyongyang removed the constitution from the Naenara site in March 2024.
(Source: Korea JoongAng Daily)
来源：韩国中央日报
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图片来源：图：平壤万寿台议事堂，朝鲜最高人民会议所在地。照片 CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Mansudae Assembly Hall in Pyongyang, seat of North Korea's Supreme People's Assembly. CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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