美国麻疹消除地位面临审查：泛美卫生组织委员会在华盛顿开会、决定下周初公布
泛美卫生组织的一个独立专家委员会 11 月 10 日至 13 日在美国华盛顿开会，审查美国是否还保得住自 2000 年起持有的麻疹「消除」地位。路透社 11 月 11 日报道，委员会将依据流行病学与实验室证据，判断美国境内的麻疹传播是否已经不间断持续 12 个月以上，最终决定预计下周初公布。
按泛美卫生组织的定义，「消除」指一个地区在本土持续传播被打断至少 12 个月，并有高水平的监测体系支持；如果同一病毒谱系不间断传播满 12 个月，即视为本土传播重新确立，消除地位将被撤销。美国疾病控制和预防中心 11 月 6 日更新的数据显示，截至 11 月 5 日，全美 2026 年麻疹确诊病例达 5,182 例，为 1991 年以来最高，其中 96% 与 43 起疫情相关。
疾控中心主任 Erica Schwartz 11 月 10 日接受路透社采访时表示，即便美国失去这项认定，该机构也会维持其核心应对工作，包括与各州合作、公众宣传与推广麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗。委员会的建议将提交泛美卫生组织总干事 Jarbas Barbosa 作最终决定，再通报各相关国家。
这一审查对现任政府的公共卫生记录构成新的考验。加拿大已在该委员会 2025 年 11 月的会议上被认定麻疹重新成为本土流行病；美国虽已退出世界卫生组织，但仍是其美洲分支泛美卫生组织的成员。
关联：CDC 数据 截至 11 月 5 日全美 2026 年麻疹确诊病例达 5,182 例 超过 2025 年全年两倍
U.S. Measles Elimination Status Under Review as PAHO Panel Meets in Washington; Decision Expected Early Next Week
An independent expert commission of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) is meeting in Washington, D.C., from November 10 to 13 to review whether the United States still qualifies for the measles elimination status it has held since 2000. Reuters reported on November 11 that the panel will weigh epidemiological and laboratory evidence on whether measles transmission in the United States has continued uninterrupted for 12 months or longer, with a final determination expected to be made public early next week.
Under PAHO's definition, elimination means an area has interrupted continuous local transmission for at least 12 months, backed by a high-performing surveillance system; if the same viral lineage circulates uninterrupted for 12 months, endemic transmission is considered re-established and the status is revoked. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported on November 6 that confirmed measles cases in 2026 had reached 5,182 through November 5, the highest annual total since 1991, with 96 percent of cases associated with 43 outbreaks.
CDC Director Erica Schwartz told Reuters on November 10 that the agency would maintain its core response even if the country loses the designation, including cooperation with states, public awareness efforts and promotion of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. The commission's recommendations go to PAHO Director Jarbas Barbosa, who makes the final decision for each country.
The review is a new test of the administration's public health record. The same commission found measles endemic again in Canada at its November 2025 meeting. The United States has withdrawn from the World Health Organization but remains a member of PAHO, its Americas branch.
Related: CDC Data: 5,182 Confirmed U.S. Measles Cases in 2026 Through Nov. 5, More Than Double the 2025 Total
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：泛美卫生组织位于华盛顿的总部大楼（资料图）。图：CC BY 4.0，经维基共享资源 / The Pan American Health Organization headquarters in Washington, D.C. (file photo). CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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