极端沙尘日让红海南部海表降温可达约 3 摄氏度：《科学报告》以 1980 至 2024 年数据分析地表热通量
一项 2026 年 11 月 11 日刊于《科学报告》的研究分析了极端沙尘事件对红海地表热通量与海表温度的影响。研究由 Nukapothula 等人完成，阿卜杜拉国王科技大学以编号 BAS/1/1431-01-01 的资助支持该研究。
数据与范围方面，研究使用 MERRA-2 地表热通量数据与 AVHRR 海表温度观测，时段为 1980 年至 2024 年。在每年 3 月至 8 月的沙尘季，极端沙尘日在红海南部远比北部频繁。
通量变化方面，红海南部在极端沙尘日出现长波辐射增加约 10 瓦每平方米、短波辐射减少约 35 瓦每平方米、潜热通量减少约 12 瓦每平方米、感热通量增加不足 2 瓦每平方米。红海北部的长波辐射同样增加约 10 瓦每平方米、短波辐射减少约 30 瓦每平方米，潜热与感热通量分别减少约 20 瓦每平方米与约 2 瓦每平方米。
海温响应方面，极端沙尘日期间红海南部海表温度异常呈明显降温，降幅最高达约 3 摄氏度；北部因极端沙尘日更少、持续更短，响应较弱。作者表示，结果凸显沙尘负荷对红海地表能量收支与海表温度变化的影响。论文数字识别码为 10.1038/s41598-026-79287-3。
Extreme Dust Days Cool the Southern Red Sea Surface by up to about Three Degrees Celsius: A 1980 to 2024 Analysis of Surface Heat Fluxes, in Scientific Reports
A study published in Scientific Reports on November 11, 2026 analyzed the influence of extreme dust events on surface heat fluxes and sea surface temperature variability in the Red Sea. The study, by Nukapothula and colleagues, was funded by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology under grant number BAS/1/1431-01-01.
The study analyzed MERRA-2 surface heat-flux data and AVHRR sea surface temperature observations over the period 1980 to 2024. During the dust season, from March to August, extreme dust days are much more frequent in the southern part of the Red Sea than in the northern part.
Over the southern Red Sea, extreme dust days are associated with an increase in longwave radiation of about 10 watts per square meter, a decrease in shortwave radiation of about 35 watts per square meter, a decrease in latent heat flux of about 12 watts per square meter and an increase in sensible heat flux of under 2 watts per square meter. In the northern Red Sea, longwave radiation also increased by about 10 watts per square meter and shortwave radiation decreased by about 30 watts per square meter, with reductions in latent and sensible heat fluxes of approximately 20 and 2 watts per square meter respectively.
Sea surface temperature anomalies during extreme dust days exhibit substantial cooling over the southern Red Sea, with a decrease of up to about 3 degrees Celsius. The response over the northern Red Sea is less pronounced, because of fewer and shorter-lived extreme dust day occurrences. The paper carries DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-79287-3. All details follow the abstract of the Scientific Reports paper.
来源：《科学报告》
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：卫星视角下的中东地区沙尘暴，图中是沙尘暴的卫星影像，为红海沙尘研究题材通用配图，非该研究的具体个例。照片：NASA's Earth Observatory 摄，CC BY 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。
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