法国阿尔萨斯发现5世纪武士墓群：11座成人墓与2座马墓出土佩剑与盾牌，INRAP称属罗马向墨洛温过渡期
法国国家预防考古研究所INRAP公布，在法国东部阿尔萨斯地区科尔马附近的奥尔堡—维尔发现一处5世纪墓葬群，包括装饰丰富的武士墓与马墓。
发掘在一项住房建设前的预防性考古工作中进行。考古人员共发现11座成人或较大青少年墓、3座儿童墓与2座马墓，并出土数量不等的随葬品。
其中两座男性墓葬尤为突出，出土了装在半保存木鞘中的剑、盾牌、单刃刀scramasax与日耳曼武士使用的标枪angon。INRAP的说明称，这些器物表明墓主可能是日耳曼首领，或是编入5世纪罗马军队、与罗马帝国结盟的部落成员。墓中还出土了原用于装饰武器与服饰的金银饰件。
两座女性墓葬出土了银鎏金环形胸针、银质鸟形胸针、玻璃珠项链、腰带扣与骨梳。马匹连同挽具一同埋葬。
墓群整体年代为5世纪下半叶。同一遗址还发掘出一处1至3世纪持续有人居住的高卢—罗马村落街区，含住宅、道路、火塘与水井。INRAP称，该墓葬群为研究该地区在5世纪下半叶的聚落动态与变局提供了新材料，当地带有日耳曼定居证据的同期遗址并不多见。
Fifth-Century Warrior Burial Complex Found in Alsace, France: 11 Adult Graves and Two Horse Graves With Swords and Shields Announced by INRAP
The French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research, INRAP, has announced a fifth-century funerary complex in Horbourg-Wihr, near Colmar in eastern France's Alsace region, including lavish warrior burials and horse graves.
The excavations took place during preventive archaeology ahead of a housing construction project. Archaeologists unearthed 11 adult or older adolescent graves, three child graves and two horse graves, along with varying amounts of burial objects.
Two male burials were particularly notable, containing a sword in a semi-preserved wooden scabbard, a shield, a single-edged blade known as a scramasax, and an angon, a kind of javelin used by Germanic warriors. According to the INRAP statement, the objects indicate the men were either Germanic chieftains or members of tribes allied to Rome who were incorporated into Rome's fifth-century army. Gold and silver decorative elements that once graced weapons and clothing were also found.
Two burials that appear to have belonged to women yielded pairs of silver-gilt looped brooches, silver bird-shaped brooches, glass bead necklaces, belt buckles and a bone comb. Horses were buried within the cemetery with their harnesses.
The cemetery dates to the second half of the fifth century. The same site also contained a Gallo-Roman village quarter inhabited from the first to the third century, with homes, roads, hearths and wells. INRAP said the burial complex provides new material for research on settlement dynamics and upheavals in the region in the second half of the fifth century, where sites bearing evidence of Germanic settlement from the period are few.
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图片来源：图：阿尔萨斯一座墓葬中出土的陶器与武器。CC BY 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons / Photo: Pottery and weapons found in a grave in Alsace. Wellcome M0015277. CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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