巴西延长汽油与乙醇免税至12月9日：30天财政成本27.6亿雷亚尔
巴西联邦政府11月9日发布第13,159号法令，把汽油与乙醇的联邦税减免再延长30天，至2026年12月9日。代总统 Geraldo Alckmin 签署的法令已刊登在《联邦官方公报》增刊上，目的是挡住国际油价上涨带来的通货膨胀压力。
这次延长接的是上一轮政策。第13,134号法令给出的减免从9月10日执行到11月9日到期，新的安排从11月10日接到12月9日。总统府说，国际油价因中东冲突上涨，政府希望先把这波涨价对巴西国内燃油价格的冲击压下去。
具体减多少，财政部给了数。汽油方面，进口与国内销售环节的 PIS/Pasep、Cofins 与 Cide 三项联邦税率继续为零，按2026年2月、中东冲突之前的税率算，相当于每升汽油 A 少收0.89雷亚尔，其中 PIS/Pasep 与 Cofins 占0.79雷亚尔，Cide 占0.10雷亚尔。这项减免不适用于航空汽油。
乙醇方面，含水乙醇燃料销售环节的 PIS/Pasep 与 Cofins 继续为零，相当于每升少收0.19雷亚尔。政府同时把每升0.428雷亚尔的乙醇补贴再延30天，补贴发给把生物燃料卖给最终消费者的生产者与合作社，执行期为10月10日至12月9日，财政部还可以再行延长。财政部说，这样做是让乙醇对汽油保持竞争力。
账也算清楚了。财政部估计，这30天的汽油与乙醇减免财政成本为27.6亿雷亚尔，将用石油行业的额外收入对冲，保持财政中性；乙醇补贴延期的成本另计8.1341亿雷亚尔。两项措施都是临时安排，属于政府应对国际燃油市场紧张的一揽子回应。
（来源：巴西总统府）
Brazil Extends Gasoline and Ethanol Tax Relief to December 9 at a 30-Day Fiscal Cost of R$2.76 Billion
Brazil's federal government issued Decree No. 13,159 on November 9, extending federal tax relief on gasoline and ethanol for another 30 days, to December 9, 2026. The decree, signed by Acting President Geraldo Alckmin and published in an extra edition of the Diário Oficial da União, is meant to hold back inflationary pressure from rising international oil prices.
The extension follows on from the previous round. Relief under Decree No. 13,134 ran from September 10 to November 9, and the new arrangement continues it from November 10 to December 9. The Presidency said international oil prices have risen because of the conflict in the Middle East, and the government wants to soften the blow to fuel prices inside Brazil first.
The Ministry of Finance put numbers on the relief. For gasoline, the federal PIS/Pasep, Cofins and Cide rates on imports and domestic sales stay at zero. Measured against the rates in force in February 2026, before the Middle East conflict, that is a reduction of R$0.89 per litre of gasoline A, of which R$0.79 comes from PIS/Pasep and Cofins and R$0.10 from Cide. The relief does not cover aviation gasoline.
For ethanol, the PIS/Pasep and Cofins rates on sales of hydrous ethanol fuel also stay at zero, worth R$0.19 per litre. The government is likewise extending the ethanol subsidy of R$0.428 per litre for another 30 days. The subsidy is paid to producers and producers' cooperatives supplying biofuel for final consumption, runs from October 10 to December 9, and can be extended further by the Ministry of Finance. The ministry said the aim is to keep ethanol competitive against gasoline.
The cost has been calculated. The Ministry of Finance estimates the fiscal cost of the 30-day gasoline and ethanol relief at R$2.76 billion, to be offset by extraordinary revenues from the oil sector so that the measure stays fiscally neutral. Extending the ethanol subsidy carries a separate estimated cost of R$813.41 million. Both measures are temporary and form part of the government's response to tight conditions in the international fuel market.
(Source: Presidency of the Republic of Brazil)
来源：巴西总统府
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于巴西利亚的巴西总统府高原宫（Palácio do Planalto）。照片：Leandro Neumann Ciuffo，CC BY 2.0，经维基共享资源。 / Photo: The Palácio do Planalto, seat of the Presidency of Brazil, in Brasília. Photo by Leandro Neumann Ciuffo, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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