美国国家核安全局从巴西医院移除高风险铯-137放射源 系三年内第八次国际移除行动
美国能源部国家核安全局（NNSA）11月10日在华盛顿宣布，该局已与巴西伙伴合作，成功从巴西 Manaus 一家医院移除一枚高风险的铯-137放射源，移除后的放射源被装入放射性材料运输容器运出 Manaus。
这枚放射源此前用于亚马孙血液学与血液治疗医院基金会（HEMOAM）的血液辐照器。铯-137可用于输血用血液的辐照处理，但这种高放射性材料若被盗，可能被用来制造「脏弹」。今年早些时候，NNSA 已为 HEMOAM 提供一台 X 射线血液辐照器，使医院在没有放射源安全风险的情况下继续为患者提供血液辐照服务。
今年9月，NNSA 旗下的 Y-12 国家安全综合体团队与巴西伙伴一道，安全拆解、包装并运输了这批放射性材料，巴西核监管机构、HEMOAM 以及其他放射学官员全程提供后勤与技术支持。这次移除是数月规划与协调的成果。
NNSA 负责防核扩散的副局长 Matthew Napoli 表示：「我们机构的任务指令很明确：在坏人利用之前消除高后果风险。把这批材料移出棋盘是一次重大胜利，展现了美国付诸行动的能力，把工作做成、把关键材料管住、确保我们的国土安全无虞。」巴西核技术发展中心废物管理部门负责人 Rogerio Mourao 表示，这个对巴西极为有益的双赢项目，是按最高的安全与工业安全要求、依照巴西适用法规完成的。
能源部表示，这次巴西行动是 NNSA 过去三年内第八次国际放射源移除行动。（来源：美国能源部）
NNSA Removes High-Risk Cesium-137 Source from Brazil Hospital in Eighth International Removal in Three Years
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the U.S. Department of Energy announced in Washington on November 10 that it worked with Brazilian partners to successfully remove a cesium-137 source from a hospital in Manaus, Brazil. Following removal, the source was secured in a radioactive-material shipping container and transported out of Manaus.
The operation targeted a cesium-137 source previously used in a blood irradiator at the Amazonas Hematology and Hemotherapy Hospital Foundation (HEMOAM). While cesium-137 is used for medical applications such as treating blood for transfusions, the highly radioactive source could be stolen and used to create a "dirty bomb." Earlier this year, NNSA provided an X-ray blood irradiator for HEMOAM, allowing hospital workers to continue providing critical blood irradiation services for patients without the security challenges associated with radioactive sources.
In September, a team from NNSA's Y-12 National Security Complex worked alongside Brazilian partners to safely disassemble, package, and transport the radiological materials. Representatives from Brazil's nuclear regulatory authority, HEMOAM, and other radiological officials provided logistical and technical support throughout the removal process. The removal was the culmination of months of planning and coordination between U.S. and Brazilian partners.
"Our agency's marching orders are clear: eliminate high-consequence risks before bad actors can exploit them," said Matthew Napoli, Deputy Administrator for NNSA's Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation. "Taking this material off the board is a major win that demonstrates American capability in action." Rogerio Mourao, Head of the Waste Management Unit at Brazil's Center for Nuclear Technology Development, said the win-win project, extremely beneficial to Brazil, was carried out according to the highest security and industrial safety requirements and in accordance with applicable Brazilian regulations.
The Brazil operation marks NNSA's eighth international radioactive-source removal in the last three years, according to the Department of Energy. (Source: U.S. Department of Energy)
来源：美国能源部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：移除后，铯-137放射源被装入放射性材料运输容器、吊装上车运出 Manaus。照片：美国能源部国家核安全局，公共领域。 / Photo: After removal, the cesium-137 source is secured in a radioactive-material shipping container and lifted onto a truck for transport out of Manaus. Photo by the U.S. Department of Energy / NNSA, public domain.
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