在国家森林骑越野车先看装备清单：火花捕捉器必备、噪声不超96分贝、只走指定路线
美国林务局对在国家森林里骑越野车（OHV）有一套成文的规矩，先管装备，再管路线。装备清单上写着：必须装林务局认可的火花捕捉器且保持可用；消声器要把噪声压在96分贝以下；刹车要好用；日落后半小时到日出前半小时之间骑行，前灯和尾灯必须点亮；18岁以下骑手必须戴好并系紧交通部标准的头盔。在沙丘和指定区域，还要竖安全旗，旗子至少6乘12英寸，高度离地至少8英尺。
路线只有一条原则：只走指定开放的道路和步道，不许自己开新路，不许越野乱窜，不许骑上比车身还窄的路。林务局的互动旅行地图可以按车型、季节和路线号查哪些路对机动车开放，各森林的机动车使用地图（MVUM）是最终依据；指定路线也可能因天气等原因临时紧急封闭，路口的告示必须服从。
骑行礼仪写得同样细：扬尘要减速，噪声招投诉就会招来关闭；遇到马和徒步者要靠边停车、关掉引擎让行；离牲畜和野生动物的饮水点至少1英里外扎营；路面很湿或很干、容易压出车辙时不要上步道。配图中的骑手头盔、护目镜和手套齐全，正是林务局希望看到的样子。
林务局提醒，国家森林大片区域偏远、手机没信号，出发前要带够食物、水、急救用品，并按天气和路况备齐装备，先向当地管理机构确认最新规则。（来源：美国林务局）
Riding an OHV in a National Forest Starts With the Equipment List: Spark Arrester Required, 96 Decibels or Less, Designated Routes Only
The U.S. Forest Service sets out its off-highway vehicle rules in two parts, equipment first and routes second. The equipment list requires a Forest Service-approved spark arrester in good working condition, a muffler or noise device that keeps sound at or below 96 decibels, working brakes, and lighted headlights and taillights when the vehicle is operated between one half-hour after sunset and one half-hour before sunrise. Riders under 18 must wear a properly fitted and fastened U.S. DOT-approved helmet. On sand dunes and in certain designated areas, a safety flag of at least 6 by 12 inches must fly at least eight feet above the ground.
The route rule is simple: travel only on existing, designated roads and trails, do not make new trails, and do not drive on a route narrower than the vehicle. The Forest Service's interactive travel map shows which National Forest System roads and trails are designated for motor vehicle use, searchable by vehicle class, season and route number, and designated routes can still be closed temporarily in an emergency, with posted signs that operators must obey.
Trail conduct is spelled out as well. Slow down to avoid creating dust and keep the vehicle quiet, because complaints lead to closures. Pull off to the side, shut off the engine and let horses and hikers pass. Camp at least 1 mile from livestock or wildlife water catchments, and stay off trails when the surface is very wet or dry and riding would leave ruts. The rider in the photo, helmet, goggles and gloves in place, is dressed the way the agency asks.
The Forest Service also warns that much of the National Forest System is remote and cell phones do not work in many areas, so riders should carry food, water, first aid supplies and weather-appropriate gear, and check with the managing agency for the current rules before riding. (Source: U.S. Forest Service)
来源：美国林务局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：一名骑手戴着头盔和护目镜驾驶四轮全地形车（ATV）行驶在土路上。Wikimedia Commons 图片。 / Photo: A rider wearing a helmet and goggles driving a four-wheel all-terrain vehicle on a dirt track. Image via Wikimedia Commons.
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