劳工部公布矿工硅尘拟议规则保留50微克暴露限值 同日发布五项矿山终局规则
华盛顿 — 美国劳工部矿山安全与健康管理局（MSHA）11月10日公布一项拟议规则，保护矿工免受结晶硅尘的健康危害，并同日发布五项矿山安全与健康终局规则。两份公告的发布编号分别为 26-1681-NAT 与 26-1682-NAT。
硅尘拟议规则修改的是 2024 年的终局规则，保留可吸入结晶硅的允许暴露限值在每立方米空气 50 微克或以下，行动水平为 25 微克。拟议规则按职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）标准，对合规要求、暴露监测、医疗监护、记录保存与呼吸防护作出以风险为基础的调整。
MSHA 说明，2024 年规则公布后出现多项新情况，其中包括美国第八巡回上诉法院暂缓了该终局规则的合规期限。MSHA 今年 4 月在一份计划信息公告中宣布，因暂缓令推迟执行 2024 年规则的要求，同时继续执行现行标准。
拟议规则在《联邦公报》刊登后，MSHA 将接受公众意见并公布一场公开听证会的日期，听证会可在线参加。意见须在规则刊登后 60 天内提交。
同日发布的五项终局规则，是按特朗普总统关于取消不必要、过时与负担过重规章的行政令推进的去监管动作。MSHA 表示，这五项规则不降低对矿工的保护，因为取消的是已不再适用于地下采矿业的要求，包括过时的生效日期、已不再使用的过时技术要求与重复要求。
五项终局规则涉及：取消地下煤矿电帽灯与其他电灯的重复要求；取消地下金属与非金属矿柴油颗粒物个人暴露限值的过时要求；取消地下煤矿泡沫发生系统安装中已不再适用的要求；取消地下水位以上煤层电气工作面设备的规章要求，因为所有地下煤矿无论与地下水位的相对位置如何都按同样方式对待；取消矿柱最终回采的规章要求，因为只留一个矿口的矿柱最终回采做法已不再使用。
MSHA 今年早些时候已发布四项去监管终局规则，涉及火焰安全灯、地下煤矿柴油颗粒物、传送带与铁匠铺。本次五项终局规则将于 11 月 12 日刊登在《联邦公报》上，刊登 30 天后生效。（来源：美国劳工部）
Labor Department Proposes Silica Rule Keeping 50-Microgram Limit, Issues Five Final Mine Rules
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Labor's Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) on November 10 unveiled a proposed rule to protect miners from crystalline silica dust and issued five final mine safety and health rules the same day. The two announcements carry release numbers 26-1681-NAT and 26-1682-NAT.
The silica proposal amends the 2024 final rule and retains the permissible exposure limit for respirable crystalline silica at or below 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air and an action level of 25 micrograms. It adds risk-based changes to compliance requirements, exposure monitoring, medical surveillance, recordkeeping, and respiratory protection based on Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.
MSHA said several developments after the 2024 rule led to the new proposal, including the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit's stay of the final rule's compliance deadlines. In an April 2026 program information bulletin, MSHA announced it would delay enforcement of the 2024 rule's requirements because of the stay, while continuing to enforce existing standards.
After the proposed rule is published in the Federal Register, MSHA will welcome public comments and announce the date of a public hearing that will be open for online participation. Comments are due 60 days after publication.
The five final rules advance President Trump's executive order aimed at eliminating unnecessary, outdated, and burdensome regulations. MSHA said the rules do not reduce protections for miners because they remove requirements that are no longer applicable to the underground mining industry, including outdated effective dates, requirements for outdated technology no longer used, and duplicative requirements.
The five rules remove duplicative requirements for electric cap lamps and other electric lamps in underground coal mines; eliminate outdated diesel particulate matter personal exposure limit requirements for underground metal and nonmetal mines; remove installation requirements for foam generator systems in underground coal mines that are no longer applicable; eliminate requirements for electrical face equipment in coal seams above the water table, since all underground coal mines are treated similarly regardless of location relative to the water table; and remove requirements on final mining of pillars, a practice using one mine opening that is no longer used.
Earlier this year MSHA published four deregulatory final rules on flame safety lamps, diesel particulate matter in underground coal mines, conveyor belts, and blacksmith shops. The five new final rules will be published in the November 12 edition of the Federal Register and take effect 30 days after publication. (Source: U.S. Department of Labor)
来源：美国劳工部
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美国劳工部总部大楼（GSM 固定图库）。 / Photo: U.S. Department of Labor headquarters (GSM asset library).
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
