马奈《处决马克西米利安》残片版11月13日在Pasadena开展：自伦敦国家美术馆借展
位于加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县 Pasadena 的 Norton Simon 博物馆11月13日推出特展《创造历史：马奈的〈处决马克西米利安〉》（Making History: Manet's "Execution of Maximilian"），展至2027年3月1日。展览核心是法国画家爱德华·马奈（Édouard Manet）约1867至1868年创作的同名油画，由伦敦国家美术馆借展。
这幅油画高193厘米、宽284厘米，接近真人尺寸，是马奈为同一题材创作的五个版本中的第二幅，描绘1867年墨西哥皇帝马克西米利安一世与两位将军被胡亚雷斯（Benito Juárez）政府军行刑队处决的场景。皇帝与两位将军之死震动欧洲，许多人（包括马奈本人）归咎于法国皇帝拿破仑三世；事件的图片与报道当时在法国严苛的审查下仍广泛流传。
这幅画的身世本身即是展览主题：马奈生前未能展出此画，画作在他的画室里受损。1883年马奈去世后，继承人把残存的画布剪成数块分别出售。马奈的老友、画家埃德加·德加（Edgar Degas）逐块收回残片，重新拼合到一幅画布上；伦敦国家美术馆1918年在德加画室拍卖中购得这幅重聚的作品。
展览同时展出 Getty 研究所的档案材料，呈现1860年代法国占领墨西哥的历史与马克西米利安等人死后形象的传播，并对照马奈创作时参考的新闻报道、肖像照片与西班牙画家戈雅（Francisco de Goya）描绘战争暴行的作品，呈现图像如何塑造公众对政治事件的理解。
Norton Simon 博物馆位于 411 W. Colorado Blvd, Pasadena，周四、周一与周日中午12时至下午5时开放，周五、周六开放至晚7时，周二、周三闭馆，停车免费。门票成人20美元，62岁及以上长者15美元，18岁及以下儿童与持证学生免费；每月第一个周五下午4时至7时全场免费。
Manet's Fragmented 'Execution of Maximilian' Opens November 13 in Pasadena, on Loan from the National Gallery, London
The Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena, Los Angeles County, California, opens the special exhibition Making History: Manet's "Execution of Maximilian" on November 13, running through March 1, 2027. At its center is Édouard Manet's oil painting The Execution of Maximilian (c. 1867-68), on loan from the National Gallery, London.
Nearly life-sized at 193 by 284 centimeters, the painting is the second of five versions Manet created of the subject, depicting the 1867 execution by firing squad of Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico and two of his generals by forces serving Benito Juárez. The deaths horrified and captivated Europeans, many of whom, like Manet himself, blamed French emperor Napoleon III; images and reports of the event circulated widely despite strict censorship in France.
The painting's own history is part of the exhibition: Manet was denied the chance to exhibit it in his lifetime, and it was damaged in his studio. After his death in 1883, his heirs cut up what remained of the canvas and sold the pieces separately. Manet's longtime friend Edgar Degas tracked down the fragments and reunited them on a single canvas; the National Gallery, London, acquired the reconstituted painting at Degas's studio sale in 1918.
The exhibition also draws on archival materials from the Getty Research Institute documenting the French occupation of Mexico in the 1860s and the circulation of images of Maximilian and his associates after their deaths, alongside the news reports, portrait photographs and works by Francisco de Goya that Manet drew on, showing how images shape public understanding of volatile political events.
The Norton Simon Museum is at 411 W. Colorado Blvd, Pasadena. It is open Thursday, Monday and Sunday from noon to 5 p.m., Friday and Saturday until 7 p.m., and closed Tuesday and Wednesday; parking is free. Admission is $20 for adults, $15 for seniors 62 and over, and free for children 18 and under and students with ID; admission is free for all visitors on the first Friday of each month from 4 to 7 p.m.
来源：Norton Simon博物馆
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：马奈《处决马克西米利安》（伦敦国家美术馆藏，约1867至1868年）局部，Norton Simon博物馆官方展览图
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