11月去优胜美地先备防滑链：四驱和租来的车也不例外，没链最高罚5000美元
位于加利福尼亚州的优胜美地国家公园已进入容易下雪的季节。国家公园管理局的防滑链要求页面说，11月到次年3月去优胜美地的任何地方，哪怕只去优胜美地谷并坐免费班车，也应预期防滑链管制会生效；管制生效时，所有车辆都必须随车带链，包括四轮驱动车和租来的车。
管制分三档。R-1：必须在驱动轮上装链，除非车辆是重量低于6,000磅的轿车、皮卡或 SUV，驱动轮装了雪胎且胎纹深度至少32分之6英寸，并且没有拖车。R-2：豁免条件收紧到重量低于6,500磅、四条轮胎都是雪胎、四驱或全时四驱已启用且不拖车。R-3：没有任何例外，所有车辆都必须装链。很多纯电动卡车和部分大型电动 SUV 超过重量线，在 R-1 和 R-2 时也得装链。
什么样的链才算数，页面写得明确：链条和钢索都是合法的牵引装置，雪地袜也可以，塑料制品、绑带和其他应急替代品都不符合法律要求。租车公司一般不提供防滑链，租来的车同样不豁免。管制区内限速每小时25英里。
处罚不是吓唬人：该装链时没装，可能被开罚单，最高5,000美元；没带链的，可能要叫拖车送链来，花几百美元、等几个小时，AAA 也不管这笔费用。出发前查园内路况打 209-372-0200 后按 1、1。不想装链的替代办法是把车停在140号公路上的 YARTS 巴士站，坐巴士进园。（来源：国家公园管理局）
Heading to Yosemite From November? Carry Tire Chains: Four-Wheel Drive and Rentals Are Not Exempt, and the Fine Can Reach $5,000
Yosemite National Park in California has entered its snowy season. The National Park Service's tire chain requirements page says visitors going anywhere in Yosemite from November through March, even those heading only to Yosemite Valley and using the free shuttle, should expect chain requirements to be in effect, and whenever chain controls are in effect, all vehicles must have chains in possession, including four-wheel drive and rental vehicles.
Controls come in three levels. Under R-1, chains must go on the drive wheels unless the vehicle is a car, pickup or SUV under 6,000 pounds with snow tires on at least two drive wheels, tread at least 6/32 of an inch deep, and no trailer. R-2 narrows the exemption to vehicles under 6,500 pounds with snow tires on all four wheels, four-wheel or all-wheel drive engaged, and no trailer. R-3 allows no exceptions: every vehicle must use chains. Many battery-electric trucks and some large electric SUVs exceed the weight limits and must chain up even at R-1 and R-2.
What counts is spelled out: chains and cables are both legal traction devices, tire socks are acceptable, and plastic devices, straps and other emergency alternatives do not meet the legal requirement. Rental companies generally do not provide chains, and rental cars are not exempt. The speed limit in chain control areas is 25 mph.
The penalties are real: failing to put on chains when required can bring a citation of up to $5,000, and drivers without chains may have to call a tow truck to supply them, at a cost of up to a few hundred dollars, a wait of several hours, and no AAA coverage. Current in-park road information is on 209-372-0200, then 1, 1. Drivers who cannot or do not want to use chains can park at a YARTS bus stop on Highway 140 and ride the bus into the park. (Source: National Park Service)
来源：国家公园管理局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：装了防滑链和防滑索的轮胎。国家公园管理局图片。 / Photo: Tires fitted with chains and cables. Image from the National Park Service.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
