国家公路交通安全管理局冬季行车指引：轮胎花纹深度至少2/32英寸，冷胎静置3小时后查胎压
华盛顿哥伦比亚特区消息—随着冬季天气临近，美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）在其冬季行车安全页面汇总了入冬前的车辆准备与行车要点。据 NHTSA，气温下降时轮胎胎压随之下降，车主应按车辆制造商推荐值充气—该数值见车主手册与驾驶座车门框标签，而非轮胎侧壁标注的最大值；胎压最好在轮胎处于冷态、即至少3小时未行驶时检查。轮胎花纹深度在所有轮胎上应至少为2/32英寸，可用一分钱硬币测试判断是否需要更换；该局同时提示可考虑雪地轮胎，并可通过其轮胎页面查阅统一轮胎质量分级（UTQGS）的磨耗、牵引与耐温评级。
电瓶方面，NHTSA 指出低温会削弱电瓶输出，汽油与柴油发动机启动所需电量反而更高，电动车与混动车的续航也会缩短，入冬前应请技师检查电瓶、充电系统与皮带。儿童座椅方面，厚重冬衣会干扰安全带贴合，该局提醒家长留意，并可通过其定位工具查找免费的儿童座椅检查站或线上检查选项。
行车与应急方面，NHTSA 建议：熟悉车辆的安全技术及其在冬季路况下的工作方式，防抱死制动系统（ABS）制动时应持续用力踩住踏板；车内常备铲子、冰刮、跨接电缆、手电筒与警示装置等应急物品；油箱尽量保持接近加满，电动车与混动车则应保持电量并减少电量消耗；使用适配冬季的厚质或橡胶脚垫。完整指引刊于该局冬季行车页面（nhtsa.gov/winter-driving-tips）。
（来源：美国国家公路交通安全管理局）
NHTSA Winter Driving Guidance: Tire Tread of at Least 2/32 of an Inch, Pressure Checked After Three Hours at Rest, Fuel Tank Kept Close to Full
WASHINGTON, District of Columbia — As winter weather approaches, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) collects its vehicle preparation and driving guidance on its winter driving tips page. According to NHTSA, as the outside temperature drops, so does tire inflation pressure; each tire should be filled to the vehicle manufacturer's recommended pressure, found in the owner's manual and on a label on the driver's side door frame — not the maximum pressure listed on the tire itself. Tires are best checked when cold, meaning they have not been driven on for at least three hours. Tread depth should be at least 2/32 of an inch on all tires, and the penny test can be used to determine when replacement is needed; NHTSA also advises considering snow tires and reviewing treadwear, traction and temperature grades under the Uniform Tire Quality Grading System (UTQGS) on its tires page.
On batteries, NHTSA states that battery power drops in cold weather while gasoline and diesel engines take more power to start, and that electric and hybrid-electric vehicles' driving range can be reduced, so a mechanic should check the battery, charging system and belts before winter. For car seats, the agency notes that heavy winter coats can interfere with proper harness fit for a child in a car seat, and points parents to its inspection station locator for a free inspection station or virtual inspection options.
For driving and emergencies, NHTSA advises drivers to familiarize themselves with their vehicle's safety technologies and how they perform in wintry conditions — with antilock brakes, for example, by applying firm, continuous pressure to the brake pedal — to stock the vehicle with items including a shovel, ice scraper, jumper cables, a flashlight and warning devices, to keep the gas tank close to full whenever possible and, for electric and hybrid vehicles, to keep the battery charged and reduce drain, and to consider thicker or rubbery floor mats for slushy conditions. The full guidance is on the agency's winter driving tips page at nhtsa.gov/winter-driving-tips.
(Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
来源：美国国家公路交通安全管理局
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：车辆在风雪中行驶（资料图）。Daniel Case 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Cars driving through blowing snow (file photo). Photo by Daniel Case, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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